Gene Cloning and CRISPR
Which enzyme seals DNA fragments together in cloning?
Answer: DNA ligase.
Which heat-stable polymerase is used in PCR?
Taq polymerase.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes what type of mating?
Random mating.
Heritable traits that improve survival and reproduction are called what?
Adaptations
The formation of new species due to genetic divergence is called what?
Speciation.
What enzymes cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences?
Restriction enzymes.
A cDNA library lacks what noncoding sequences found in genomic DNA?
Answer: Introns.
If p = 0.7 and q = 0.3, what is 2pq?
0.42.
Which pattern of selection favors intermediate phenotypes?
Stabilizing selection.
If two species mate at different times of year/day, what barrier is this?
temporal isolation.
In blue-white screening, what color indicates the recombinant plasmid?
White colonies.
What technique uses fluorescent cDNA to measure gene expression?
DNA microarray.
A gene with two or more alleles in a population is called what?
Polymorphic.
When rare alleles have higher fitness, which mechanism maintains diversity?
Negative frequency-dependent selection.
A mule is viable but sterile. What type of isolating mechanism is this?
Postzygotic (hybrid sterility).
CRISPR’s guide RNA is formed by combining which two RNA molecules?
CRISPR’s guide RNA is formed by combining which two RNA molecules?
Which method sequences all RNA molecules by converting them to cDNA and aligning to the genome?
RNA-Seq.
When a small group forms a new population with reduced genetic variation, what effect is this?
Founder effect.
Which type of sexual selection involves direct competition between males?
Intrasexual selection.
Speciation caused by geographic separation is known as what?
Allopatric speciation.
Providing donor DNA during CRISPR editing enables which precise repair process?
Homology-directed repair (HDR).
in gel electrophoresis, why do small DNA fragments migrate farther?
They move faster due to their smaller size/mass.
What term describes all alleles of all genes in a population?
Gene pool.
What term refers to the average reproductive success of a population?
Mean fitness.
Speciation occurring without geographic separation is called what?
Sympatric speciation.