Reading (Dyslexia)
What is dyslexia?
A specific learning disability that primarily affects a person's ability to read and spell.
People with APD may have trouble hearing when there’s a lot of this in the background.
Background noise
True or False:
Students with word retrieval difficulties often use vague words or fillers like "um" and "thing" when they struggle to recall specific terms.
True.
Students with word retrieval difficulties may rely on vague words, fillers, or circumlocution to compensate for their difficulty in retrieving the correct word.
What are the two aspects involved in dysgraphia?
The writing process and the written product
What do individuals with dyscalculia struggle with?
They have difficulty understanding number-based information and math.
True or false: Dyslexia is related to intelligence.
False. Dyslexia is not related to intelligence. Individuals with dyslexia can have average or above-average intelligence, but they may struggle with reading, writing, and spelling due to differences in how their brains process language.
True or False: People with Auditory Processing Disorder have hearing loss.
False. Hearing loss is rooted in the ear itself and its inability to hear sounds at varying levels physically. APD affects how the brain processes the sound it receives - there is no issue with the ear itself.
True or False:
Students with word retrieval difficulties often have no issues understanding spoken language or following conversations
True.
While students with word retrieval difficulties may struggle to find and express the right words, they often have intact comprehension skills and can understand spoken language well.
What is one effect of dysgraphia on the writing process?
Either:
planning, outlining, reflecting, revising, or editing
A person with dyscalculia may reverse or miswrite numbers, a challenge similar to letter reversals seen in which other learning disability?
Dyslexia
Name two ways in which reading is affected by language-based learning disabilities?
Phonological processing, word recognition, reading fluency, reading comprehension, working memory, reading motivation
In noisy classrooms, this technology can help students with APD hear the teacher more clearly.
FM System
What is one way that oral expression/word retrieval is is affected by language-based learning disabilities?
Word finding difficulties, slow or hesitant speech, reduced vocabulary usage, difficulty organizing thoughts, or impact on social interaction
What is one effect of dysgraphia on the written product?
Either:
Organizing, grammatically correct sentences, using capitalization and punctuation, fluency, using complex sentence types, misspelled words, using a variety of words
What are some treatment/ intervention approaches for dyscalculia?
Using objects to represent quantities and observe how they change (representing the number 5 with five blocks or five claps), math organizers, and incorporating tactile, auditory, and visual elements, such as tracing numbers in sand or using educational apps.
What is one classroom accommodation for students with dyslexia?
Audiobooks, text-to-speech technology, extra time on tests, oral responses instead of written ones, and using graphic organizers for writing assignments.
APD can often be mistaken for this disorder.
ADHD
People with oral expression deficits often avoid using these types of sentences, which require a more complicated structure and multiple ideas.
Complex and/or compound sentences
What is one way to assess/treat difficulties with the writing process?
Either:
Planning using story maps, telling a story through pictures, writing for different readers
Symptoms of dyscalculia in school-age children can include trouble with?
- Counting on fingers with small Numbers
- Identifying small quantities of items just by looking
- Doing simple calculations from memory
- Recognizing the same math problem when the order of the numbers or symbols changes
What is one of the most effective teaching methods for students with dyslexia?
The most effective teaching method for students with dyslexia is Structured Literacy, which includes approaches like the Orton-Gillingham Method.
This common school accommodation helps students with APD by reducing distractions.
Preferential seating (such as sitting near the teacher)
What are ways we can support children with impaired oral language skills?
Introduce and highlight key vocabulary, encourage oral participation, restate key points, and provide opportunities for students to signal they have not understood something and more
What is one way to assess/treat difficulties with the written product?
Either:
Copying texts, writing what someone says, writing pretend stories
Solving a math problem like “2+2=?” might seem simple, but it requires multiple cognitive skills working together. What are some of these essential skills involved in solving basic math equations?
Visual processing, short-term memory, language, long-term memory, understanding of quantities and amounts, and calculation.