Stem cell
What is a stem cell
Special cells that can divide and create copies of themselves indefinitely, Ability to develop into many different specialised cell types throughout the body, Ability to develop into many different specialised cell types throughout the body
Define cloning
A genetic copy of an organism
State the most effective method of gene targetting
CRISPR-CAS9
What style of referencing do you use?
Harvard
State some ethical theories
Relational
Utilitarian
Consequentialist
Deontological
Respect for Nature
Contractarian
What are the two main types of stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
What is the success rate of animal cloning?
Very low—often less than 10%.
Define Knockout Mouse
Knockout mice are geneticallymodified organisms where specificgenes are intentionally disabled.
What should you use to visually show your planning
Gannt Chart
Which legislation monitors the use of animals in scientific research
Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
Define Genetic Biobanking
Preserving stem cells and genetic material from endangered species creates a "genetic ark" for future conservation efforts. These frozen samples maintain genetic diversity even after species decline.
What is one risk of using cloning in agriculture?
Increased vulnerability to disease due to low genetic diversity.
Name the mouse that has tumour suppressor protein
P53 mouse
What is task 3
Which ethical theory would be FOR using animals in science
Deontological
Utilitarian
Create induced pluripotent stem cells from mammoths' closest living relatives
Can Stem Cell Research help bring back extinct species?
How could cloning benefit farming?
By replicating animals with high productivity or disease resistance.
Benefits of gene targeting
Disease-resistant animals, which can improve livestock health and reduce reliance onantibiotics in the UK.
Enhance beneficial traits like growth rate, reproductive efficiency, and overallproductivity in farm animals.
Medical breakthroughs.
Understanding gene functioning.
Testing therapies and drugs.
Development processes
Gene interactions
Enhancing models - reducing the need for higher order animals
Where do you obtain most marks in your research project
Task 2 research report
Respect for nature
Relational
Animal rights
How do stem cells help regenerative medicine
Treating livestock diseases like mastitis and osteoarthritis using stem cell therapies to restore damaged tissues, Reduces Antibiotic dependence, Improves welfare, Enhances productivity.
What are the main welfare concerns?
High failure rates, birth defects, and health problems in clones.
Define Chimeric mice
Laboratory mice that contain a mixture of cells from two different genetic sources.
They are often created by introducing embryonic stem cells from one mouse strain into the early embryo of another strain. As a result, the adult mouse has tissues derived from both cell lines.
Define aims & objectives
Aim - General overview of what you are planning to do
Objective - How you will specifically do this
What are the three R's?
Replacement, Reduction and Refinement