Swallow
The medical term for difficulty swallowing, which can arise from various conditions, occurs within one or a combination of the following phases: oral, pharyngeal, and/or esophageal.
What is dysphagia?
A language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate effectively. It typically occurs due to damage to the language centers of the brain, often caused by stroke, traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, or degenerative neurological conditions such as dementia
What is aphasia?
A motor speech disorder that results from muscle weakness, paralysis, or incoordination affecting the muscles involved in speech production.
What is Dysarthria?
The brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experiences and learning, relying heavily on how the brain is used and challenged.
What is neuroplasticity?
The most common cause of dysphagia is primarily caused by conditions arising in this body system.
What is the nervous system? (e.g., Stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, etc.)
A chin tuck should be recommended if someone tells you they have difficulty swallowing pills or liquid?
FALSE. Compensatory strategies should only be prescribed following an instrumental swallow study.
A non-fluent aphasia characterized by relatively good understanding of language but significant difficulty in speech production, which may manifest as halting, choppy, and effortful speech.
What is Broca's aphasia?
Name two conditions that can lead to dysarthria.
An umbrella term used to describe a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities severely enough to interfere with daily functioning
What is Dementia?
This is the strongest muscle in the body.
What is the jaw muscle (masseter)?
Name two types of objective swallow assessments that allow an SLP to visualize a patient's swallow anatomy and physiology, and determine if aspiration is present.
Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBSS) and a Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). MBSS preferred in cases where we want to view the bolus flow through the oropharynx in real time or when an esophageal component is suspected. FEES preferred in cases of abnormal voicing, post extubation, and/or an aversion/allergy to barium. *Not all inclusive.
A type of fluent aphasia that is defined by the capacity to speak smoothly and continuously, yet with difficulties in understanding, conveying meaningful ideas, and repeating information.
What is Wernicke's aphasia?
These compensatory strategies are typically recommended to enhance speech intelligibility.
Increasing their volume and enunciating clearly
This type of compensation strategy is used when short-term memory is impaired.
What is a visual aid or external device?
This is the average number of times a healthy individual swallows in a day.
What is 600? (500-700)
This important structure serves as the final barrier against aspiration.
What are the vocal folds?
The term for difficulty finding words or forming sentences.
What is anomia?
A one-way valve that connects to the tracheostomy tube. The valve opens during inspiration to allow air to go into the lungs and then closes during expiration and forces air up through the vocal cords to allow for potential voicing and/or production of speech sounds.
What is a Passy-Muir Speaking Valve (PMV)?
These are the mental domains used to describe the broader term for "cognition".
What is attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor control, and social cognition?
This is the approximated number of paired muscles involved with coordinating a swallow.
What is 50? *There are 17 physiological components involved when someone swallows. Wow!!
These three factors guide SLPs in predicting a patient's risk of developing aspiration pneumonia.
What is overall health (immune system) status, oral health, and the presence of aspiration (ability to protect the airway)?
These other types of communication are relied upon to convey messages for individuals who cannot communicate verbally.
What are gestures, facial expressions, body language, eye contact, posture, and AAC?
A surgical procedure performed after a total laryngectomy to create a small hole (stoma) between the trachea and the esophagus. This stoma allows for the placement of a voice prosthesis, which enables the patient to produce speech by diverting air from the lungs through the stoma and into the esophagus.
What is a tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP)?
This skill is crucial for cognitive recovery.
What is metacognitive awareness (being aware of how you think and the strategies one is using)?
To say a phrase, about ___ (#) muscles of the chest, neck, jaw, tongue and lips must collaborate. This takes coordination of many more neurons than necessary for contracting the muscles in an athletes’ foot.
What is 100?