Genomics
study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs
pharmacogenomics
study of all proteins produced by a cell, tissue, or organism under specific conditions
proteomics
the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome
whole-genome sequencing
coding regions of genes
exons
DNA exchange between homologous chromosome pairs
genetic recombination
sequencing method that Fred Sanger developed
chain termination method, AKA Sanger method
set of proteins with altered expression that can indicate a diseased state
protein signature
potential ethical issues in whole-genome sequencing
privacy, genetic discrimination, and ethical use of genetic information
continuous sequence assembled from overlapping DNA fragments
contig
production of identical cell populations by binary fission
cellular cloning
study of how genomes respond to toxic substances and drugs
toxicogenomics
individual proteins that are uniquely produced in a disease state and used for diagnosis
process of finding the location of genes on each chromosome
genome mapping
study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples
metagenomics
DNA that is present in the genome of the organism of interest
host DNA
why do we sequence model organism's genomes
it helps understand gene function and biological processes relevant to other species
complete set of proteins expressed by a genome at a given time
proteome
method where DNA is randomly fragmented and sequenced, then reassembled using overlapping regions
shotgun sequencing
alteration of the genetic makeup of an organism
genetic engineering
complete set of metabolites which are related to an organism's genetic makeup
metabolome
process of identifying genes and attaching biological information to sequences
genome annotation
difference between a proteome and a genome
the genome is constant, while the proteome changes depending on environmental and cellular conditions
use of mitochondrial genomics
tracing maternal ancestry and studying evolutionary relationships
trait influenced by multiple genes, often also affected by the environment
polygenic trait
transfer of RNA from a gel to a nylon membrane
Northern blotting