Gait Development
During this time, persistent toe walking is typical
What is NEVER
These sensory systems contribute to the development of postural control for typical gait
What are the Somatosensory, Visual, & Vestibular Systems?
This diagnosis of exclusion is characterized by a toe to toe pattern in children older than 2 yrs
What is idiopathic toe walking?
The percentage of time spent in stance phase during a typical gait cycle
What is 60%?
This orthopedic condition is defined as any loss of dorsiflexion PROM
What is ankle equinus?
At this age, consistent heel strike is present at initial contact
What is 22.5 wks after onset of independent walking
(or 2.5 years)
This is the first stable frame of reference for postural control in toddler gait
What is the pelvis?
This disorder is characterized by intermittent toe walking with sensory processing dysfunction
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
The period of stance phase when the tibia translates forward over the foot
What is Rocker 2?
Children with ITW are at greater risk for this acute injury
What is ankle sprain?
This gait pattern includes: wide BOS, hip & knee flex, relative foot drop in swing
What is early walking?
This sensory system is mature by 3 - 4 years of age
What is the somatosensory system?
The most common differential diagnosis is between ITW and this disorder
What is cerebral palsy (diplegia)?
Age at which gait kinematics and center of mass are mature in the sagittal plane
What is 7-8 years?
These long term consequences are common in adolescents who were toe walkers as children
What are foot, knee, & ankle pain?
This is the most important factor in gait development
What is frontal plane stability?
Visual contributions to postural control are mature at this age
What is 15 years?
This genetic disorder is characterized by progressive peripheral muscle weakness
What is Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy?
At this age, gait is characterized by a refined narrow BOS with trunk rotation
What is 2 years?
This physiological adaptation develops in the lower extremities of children with chronic toe walking
What is muscle transformation?
(Type 2 to Type 1)
This alignment allows the gastric-soleus to function isometrically as a decelerator
What is the vertical tibia?
This postural control strategy is used by 3-6 yr old children during challenging GM skills
What is en bloc?
This neurologic disorder may cause acquired unilateral or bilateral toe walking.
What is tethered cord?
Age at which the load distribution of the foot is mature: 1/3 Forefoot; 2/3 Hindfoot
What is 4-5 years
These 3 non-motor disorders are often associated with ITW
What are language delays, learning disability, & neuropsychiatric disorders?