The problem of knowledge
The position that there is no absolute truth available.
What is relativism?
A deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion.
What is a syllogism?
The idea that we should believe something only to the extent of the evidence for it.
What is evidentialism?
The idea that a hypotheses is only valid if it is testable.
What is falsificationism?
The idea that history is driven by exceptional individuals.
What is the 'great person' theory of history?
Plato's approach to marrying knowing and believing.
What is justified true belief?
A form of reasoning that goes from the particular to the general.
What is inductive reasoning?
The question of who has the obligation to produce evidence for a knowledge claim.
What is the burden of proof?
The idea that we will only see evidence that we already agree with and ignore that which we don't.
What is confirmation bias?
The fallacy of thinking, after something has happened, that you knew it would happen.
What is hindsight bias?
The fallacy that sstates that just because you can't prove something isn't true, doesn't mean that it is.
Attacking or supporting the person rather than the argument.
What is ad hominem argument?
The conviction that one is right regardless of the evidence.
What is blind faith?
The belief that reason not experience is the most important source of knowledge.
What is rationalism?
A document, recording or physical object produced at the time under study.
What is a primary source?
The theory that a proposition is true if it fits with our overall set of beliefs.
What is the coherence theory of truth?
Thinking 'outside the box'.
The idea that faith is irrational and superior to reason.
What is fideism?
The name given to the period of time when 'normal science' (Kuhn) takes place.
What is a paradigm?
This helps us to distinguish between history and propaganda/fiction.
What is objectivity?
The proper labels for first-hand knowledge based on perceptual experience, skills-based knowledge and second-hand knowledge.
What are knowledge by acquaintance, practical knowledge and knowledge by description?
The fallacy of confusing a correlation with a causation.
What is post hoc ergo propter hoc?
The idea that faith and reason occupy separate domains of knowledge.
What is arational?
The belief that science is the only way we can understand the truth of reality.
What is scientism?
History that explores the past from a variety of perspectives.
What is cubist history?