Natural Science's
This is one of the goals of the scientific method, which implies a neutral approach to the object of study and will allow explanations that provide ample evidence that can be replicated.
What is Objectivity?
One of the disciplines in this AOK, refers to the study of human societies: their interactions and processes.
What is sociology?
‘History is written by the victors’ (W. Churchill) is probably a phrase that you have read or heard some time. What TOK concept could this quote be connected with? It is a key concept in this AOK when you think about the creation and dissemination of historical narraives.
What is power?
There are almost as many definitions of this as there are artists, and this fact poses a problem for investigating this AOK. It is hard to establish an agreed definition of this and even more difficult to know what high-quality examples of this look like.
What is art?
Mathematics is based on a series of ___________ (self-evident truths) – for example, the truth that the angles in a triangle add up to 180 degrees is consistent with the axioms of Euclidean geometry.
What are axioms?
_______ is making general conclusions from particular cases or observations. For example, we have all seen the Sun rise every day, so we can say that ‘the Sun will rise’ tomorrow and so on. However, what happens if it does not rise? Our previous claim based on our inductive reasoning will fall. One single counterexample could prove our statement wrong.
What is inductive reasoning?
Recognising this very real issue of knowledge isolation in this AOK is what has led to the majority of the human sciences adopting what is referred to as,a ____________ to knowledge creation.
What is the ‘interdisciplinary approach’ ?
This concerns how we understand and evaluate the knowledge claims we deal with. This requires personal skills, and discrepancies may arise when inspecting others’ interpretations. One question to reflect on in relation to this concept could be: ‘Can the historian be free of bias when ____________ material?’
What is interpretation or interpreting?
individuals within society who control the flow of knowledge. Each AOK has a different version of these people. and the gatekeepers’ influence over an AOK varies. Not only do they safeguard and curate the knowledge within this AOK but they also inform non-experts about this AOK.
Who are gatekeepers?
Mathematics that is abstract and not directly applied to, or utilized in, another area of knowledge is referred to as _______ mathematics and maths that is ________ to or utilized in real-world contexts is referred to as applied mathematics
.
What are pure/ applied?
_________is based on a general statement that tries to ‘predict’ what the observations would look like if the statement is correct. It is in the interplay between inductive reasoning and __________
that scientific theories grow.
What is deductive reasoning
In the human sciences,____________, include the following:
What are quantitative research methodologies?
Aristotle said that ‘the whole is greater than the sum of its parts’. By using this as a metaphor we can say that multiple perspectives will bring us a broader picture of the events under study. This refers to what school of thought or concept in History?
What is historiography?
All of us carry our own personal perspectives and beliefs constructed in part by the ___________ in which we exist. This fact of the human experience inspires a key knowledge question: To what extent does ___________ shape knowledge construction in the arts?
What is culture or cultural context?
For example, that an infinite set exists is an axiom in set theory. Yet this cannot be deduced from the other axioms in set theory. However, without this axiom, it is difficult to do much, so most mathematicians working in set theory consider it to be an axiom, despite the fact that it is, strictly speaking, a ______________(an opinion based on incomplete information).
What is conjecture?
A key notion for understanding the cadence of progress of scientific knowledge is the idea of paradigm shifts. This American physicist and philosopher, presented this term in 1962 in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
Who was Thoman Khun?
An experiment is defined as a research method in which an ____________ variable is manipulated to measure its effect on a __________ variable while controlling the possible influence of other factors on the dependent variable.
What is the independent/dependent variable?
When Mr. Altman talked to us he concluded by introducing this concept. At the most basic level, it simply means combining. When historians weave together perspectives to inform their unique perspective they are engaging in this.
What is synthesis?
Purpose and intent are key elements of a work of art and, in instances where the purpose or intent is not immediately accessible, experts in the field (such as art historians and art critics) can often provide a context for the work which aids in the _______________ and justification of the content and quality of the artwork.
What is interpretation?
Is there a difference between _______(TOK concept) and truth in mathematics?
What is certainty?
We can trace back the origin of the scientific method to this philosopher from Ancient Greece and Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), an Arab mathematician, physicist and astronomer born in AD 965.
Who was Aristotle?
This term is widely misused by the general public, usually in reference to any two factors that seem to ‘go’ together. In actuality, it is a statistical technique and is therefore more than just a ‘relationship’.
What is correlation?
In history, a common approach to scrutinize past events based on current standards or current context, which can result in biased interpretations of the past.
What is ‘presentism’?
Art historians will label these historical changes and expansions as well as conventions and techniques as ‘movements’, ‘periods’ or _______________.
What is a ‘genre (s)’?
Two types of logic used in this AOK?
What are deductive logic and inductive logic?