Fallacy Definitions
Assumes one event caused another without sufficient evidance
what is False cause
Everyone buys that brand, so it must be the best.
What is Bandwagon
Draws a broad conclusion from too little evidance
What is Hasty Generalization
Selects only evidence that supports a claim while ignoring contrary evidence.
What is Cherry picking
Uses a personal story in place of stronger evidence
what is Anecdotal
Presents only two choices when more possibilities exsist
What is Black-or-white / false dichotomy
The company is wealthy, so every employee must be wealthy.
What is Division
Builds an unsupported assumption into the question.
What is Loaded question
Cherry-picking data clusters to suit an argument, or finding a pattern to fit a presumption.
What is The Texas sharpshooter Fallacy
Assumes what is true of the parts must be true of the whole
what is Composition
Protects a generalization by redefining the group to exclude counterexamples.
what is No true scotsman
Employees are like nails: both work better when hit on the head.
What is False analogy
Assumes what is true of the parts must be true of the whole.
What is Composition
Rejects a claim because it seems difficult to understand or believe.
What is Personal Incredulity
Misrepresents an argument so it is easier to attack
what is Straw man
uses a word in different senses within the same argument
I already spent $90 might as well spend 10 more.
What is Gambling fallacy / sunk cost
Using the opinion or position of an authority figure, or institution of authority, in place of an actual argument.
what is Appeal to authority
Treats a claim as true because it has not been disproved, or shifts proof to others.
What is Burden of proof
Changes the standard of proof after the original standard has been met
What is Moving the goalposts
Uses a personal story in place of stronger evidance
What is Anecdital
Dan: "Did you clean the garage like you promised?"
Jerry: "I made dinner lastnight."
what is Non-sequitur / red herring
Presuming that because a claim had been poorly argued, or a fallacy has been made, that it is necessarily wrong.
what is The Fallacy fallacy
claims something is good or safe because it is natural
what is appeal to nature
Judging something good or bad on the basis of where it comes from, or from whom it comes.
What is Genetic