Top 11-20 Drugs
The class for Amoxil?
What is antibiotic?
These are some of the differences between Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis?
Allergic Rhinitis: frequent sneezing, itchy eyes/nose, frequent conjunctivitis, rare anosmia, rare epistaxis, etc.?
Nonallergic Rhinitis: little sneezing, no itchy eyes/nose, frequent anosmia, and recurrent epistaxis
The three questions to ask about pediatric patients for self-treatment?
What is:
1. Are they alert?
2. Are they drinking?
3. Are they peeing?
These are 2 non-pharmacological therapy options:
Humidifiers, vaporizers, increased fluid intake, warm liquids, nutritious diet, and adequate rest
This kind of breathe is required for Metered-Dose Inhalers?
What is a slow and deep inhalation?
The generic name for Symbicort?
What is Budesonide/formoterol?
Give an example of intranasal corticosteroids, the dosing, any adverse drug reactions, and contraindications
What is:
Mometasone Furoate (Nasonex): 50 mcg/spray; 2 sprays/nostril/day; maximum 2 sprays/nostril/day
Fluticasone Propionate (Clarispray/Flonase): 50 mcg/spray; 2 sprays/nostril/day for 1 week, then 1-2 sprays/nostril/day; maximum 2 sprays/nostril/day
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Nasacort): 55 mcg/spray; 2 sprays/nostril/day, then 1 spray/nostril/day once symptoms begin to resolve
Adverse effects: Nasal discomfort or bleeding, sneezing, cough, pharyngitis *long term use may be associated with systemic adverse effects
Contraindications: Depends on aging, cataracts/glaucoma, and recent nasal septal ulcers, surgery, and/or trauma
The recommendation for alternating anti-pyretics?
What is: It has not been shown to be more beneficial AND it increases the risk of ADEs and med errors?
This is the prime example of an expectorant, including dosing, adverse effects, and contraindications:
What is:
Guaifenesin (Mucinex, Robitussin): 200 mg/400 mg tabs, 100 mg/5 mL solution, ER tab: 600 mg/1200 mg, 200-400 mg po q 4 h PRN, ER: 600-1200 mg q 12 h PRN for a maximum of 2400 mg/day
Adverse effects: Generally well-tolerated, CNS effects (dizziness, drowsiness), GI effects (nausea, vomiting, stomach discomfort)
Contraindications: Don’t use in children <12 yo
The symptoms of anaphylaxis?
What is hives, itching, flushed skin, swelling of tongue, lips, and throat, trouble breathing, fast, weak pulse, nausea/vomiting?
The class of Spiriva?
What is anticholinergic?
Give an example of an antihistamine, including dosing, any adverse effects, any contraindications, and drug interactions
What is:
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): 12.5 or 25 mg tabs or caps, take 25-50 mg q 4-6 h for a maximum of 300 mg/day
Loratidine (Claritin): 10 mg tabs, take 10 mg QD for a maximum of 10 mg/day
Cetirizine (Zyrtec): 10 mg tabs, take 10 mg qd for a maximum of 10 mg/day
Fexofenadine (Allegra): in 60 or 180 mg tabs, take 60 mg q 12 h OR 180 mg QD for a maximum of 180 mg/day
Adverse effects: sedation is common for most
Contraindications:
1st gen: peds <6 yo, patients >65 yo, lactating patients, and patients with glaucoma, asthma, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and dementia
2nd gen: Kidney or liver impaired
Interactions: Avoid with other CNS depressants and other anticholinergic effects, and fexofenadine should be separated from fruit juices and antacids by at least 2 hours
This is when you should refer a pediatric patient to a PCP for pain OR fever?
What is:
<2 YO for musculoskeletal pain
<8 YO for headache
OR
Oral temp >103F
Persistent fever >3 days
Saying no to any of the three core questions
Vomiting/diarrhea, history of seizures, spots, rash, or stiff neck
This is 1 exclusion for self-treatment for a cough and 1 exclusion for self-treatment for a cold:
What is:
Cough: Cough with thick yellow, tan, or green sputum, children <4 years, cough with a fever (>3 months: oral temp >103F, infants <3 months: rectal temp >100.4F), cough with other symptoms, history of chronic underlying disease associated with cough (asthma, COPD, chronic bronchitis, heart failure), cough with foreign object aspiration, drug-associated cough, cough >7 days, worsening symptoms, development of new symptoms
Cold: Oral temp >103F, chest pain, SOB, worsening symptoms, concurrent cardiopulmonary conditions (asthma, COPD), heart failure), AIDS or a chronic immunosuppressant therapy, frail patients, infants <3 months, severe sore throat, sensitivity to OTC meds,
This is when OTC bronchodilators should be used?
The generic name, class, and indication for Augmentin?
What is amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; antibiotic; and bacterial infection?
Give an example of a decongestant, including the dosing, adverse drug reactions, and contraindications
What is:
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed): 30 mg tabs or ER: 120 mg/240 mg tabs; take 60 mg po q 4-6 h prn, ER: 120 mg po q 12 h or 240 mg po qd PRN for a maximum 240 mg/day
Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE): 10 mg tab; 10 mg po q 4 h PRN for a maximum of 60 mg/day
Adverse drug reactions: Hypertension, increased heart rate, rebound congestion if taken more than 3 days, insomnia
Contraindications: >2 yo, pregnant or lactating, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, benign prostatic hyperplasia, glaucoma, cardiovascular conditions
CL is a 3 YO female who slammed her finger in a door. It is not broken, but these are the nondrug and drug recommendations you should give for her pain, and why:
What is an ice pack, and ibuprofen? An ice pack and ibuprofen decreases swelling AND pain.
The prime example of an oral antitussive, including dosing, adverse effects, contraindications, and drug interactions
What is:
Dextromethorphan (Delsym): 30 mg/5 mL ER suspension; 60 mg q 12 h PRN; can cause CNS effects (dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue) and GI effects (nausea, vomiting, stomach discomfort), don‘t use in children <4 yo, interacts with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
This is the reason a patient should wash their mouth out/use mouthwash/brush their teeth after using a steroid inhaler?
What is: to prevent oral thrush?
What is Atarax/Vistaril; antihistamine; and allergies?
This is the dosing, adverse drug reactions, and contraindications for intranasal cromolyn?
What is:
Intranasal Cromolyn: 1 spray/nostril 3-6x/day for 3-7 days for initial improvement and 2-4 weeks for maximum therapeutic efficacy
Adverse drug reactions: Sneezing, nasal stinging, burning
Contraindications: <2 yo
The dosing for ibuprofen OR acetaminophen in pediatric patients (answer with brand name, how its supplied, dosing, and maximum dose)?
What is Motrin/Advil (Brand); it is supplied as 50 mg/1.25 mL in infants, and 100 mg/5 mL in children; for children >6 months-11 years: 5-10 mg/kg/dose po q 6-8 h prn pain/fever; maximum 4 doses in 24 hours?
Acetaminophen: Tylenol (Brand); it is supplied as 160 mg/5 mL; For infants and children under <12 yo: Give 10-15 mg/kg/dose po q 4-6 h prn pain/fever; maximum 5 doses in 24 hours
TK is a 25 YO male that is reporting a cold. He’s been coughing for the past day and although he denies any mucus production, he states the back of his throat tickles and is causing him to cough. He has a history of heartburn, takes Famotidine 20 mg daily PRN, and has no known allergies. This is the best recommendation for TK’s symptoms:
What is Dextromethorphan?
These are the percentages of lung function for the red, yellow, and green markings on a peak flow meter?
What is:
Red: <50% of personal best
Yellow: 50-79% of personal best
Green: 80-100% of personal best