The Downward Spiral
The defenition of Top-Down Synthesis
What is breaking down bulk materials into nanoscale structures
This cost-effective method uses the shearing and impact forces from grinding media to produce nanocrystalline powders.
What is Mechanical Milling or Ball Milling?
This type of Lithography uses light to pattern on the substrait.
What is photolithography
This type of Lithography ejects atoms from a target material.
What is Sputtering
A key application of lithographic top-down techniques is in the fabrication of these micro- and nano-sized electrical components.
What are integrated circuits or microprocessors?
The 3 main types of Top-Down Synthesis
What is Mechanical Milling, Lithography, and Sputtering?
Can be combined with ______ processing
This type of Lithography uses electron beams to make high resolution patterns
What is Electron Beam Lithography (EBL)?
these forms on this during the Sputtering process
What is thin films and substraits
This type of material, with unique optical and electrical properties, can be tuned by manipulating its diameter, a feature enabled by top-down fabrication.
What are nanowires?
The main advantages of Top-Down Synthesis
In ball milling, a high ratio of this ingredient to the powder material can increase the efficiency of particle-size reduction.
What is Milling Balls
This type of Lithography uses ions to make patterns in the design.
This is the most common application for sputtering
A major hurdle for top-down methods is the difficulty in controlling this characteristic across large production volumes, often leading to non-uniform results.
What is particle size distribution?
A main disadvantage of the top-down approach is this, the creation of surface imperfections and defects during the process.
What is mechanical breakdown?
A significant drawback of mechanical or ball milling is the introduction of these into the crystal structure.
What are defects or flaws?
lithography is used to make what type of electric material, with properties in-between a conductor and an insulator.
What is a semiconducter?
Producing nanomaterials for pharmaceuticals and medical treatments using top-down methods faces challenges in ensuring high purity and low contamination.
What is nanomedicine or drug delivery?
In the context of manufacturing, this approach has historically been used for creating microscale structures, such as those in the semiconductor industry.
What are conventional microfabrication methods?
The process of breaking down bulk material into nano-sized particles is accomplished with the application of this.
What is mechanical force?
Some pros and cons of Lithography include ___
What is high precision but expensive?
The combination of top-down and bottom-up methods is often explored to create functional materials with these complex structural features.
What are hierarchical systems?