Colonization
rocky soil, cold climate, harbors, fishing, lumber, and shipbuilding; founded for religious freedom
Northern/New England Colonies
1st gov’t; weak because feared abuse of power; NO: executive branch, regulate trade; YES: negotiate treaties, declare war, Northwest Ordinance
Articles of Confederation
invention by Eli Whitney used to separate the seed from cotton/increased slavery
Cotton gin
established federal rule over interstate trade/supreme court case
Gibbons v. Ogden
gave voting rights to African American males; Southerners resisted by creating poll taxes
15th amendment
fertile soil, warm climate, cash crops; Transatlantic Slave Trade provided slave labor for plantations; founded mainly for economic reasons; Jamestown, Virginia
Southern Colonies
supported Constitution, wanted strong central gov’t, believed it created a more stable Union; Alexander Hamilton and James Madison
Federalists
invention by Samuel Morse used to communicate rapidly over long distances
telegraph
Washington warned against having permanent foreign alliances and creating political parties
Farewell Address
granted citizenship to African Americans; all Americans were to be treated equally under the law; reversed the Dred Scott v. Sandford ruling
14th amendment
rich farmland, moderate climate, grew oats, wheat, grain, and raised livestock
Middle/Breadbasket Colonies
agreement over how slaves would count for representation and taxation purposes
3/5 Compromise
people moved from rural areas to cities for factory work; cities grew rapidly
Urbanization
established judicial review, which gave Supreme Court power to declare laws unconstitutional
Marbury v. Madison
abolished slavery; African Americans were free to move wherever they wanted
13th amendment
British controlled colonial trade; angered colonists/economic theory
mercantilism
process for admitting new states to U.S., population requirement to apply = 60,000 settlers; territories govern themselves
Northwest Ordinance
Irish came to U.S. because of potato famine, worked in factories, Chinese in Transcontinental Railroad; blamed by nativists for taking jobs
Immigrants
British impressment of U.S. sailors
Causes of War of 1812
1st African American U.S. Senator
Hiram Rhode Revels
distance from Britain, Pilgrim’s Mayflower Compact (social contract), Virginia House of Burgesses, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, First Great Awakening, John Locke
Growth of Representative Government
decided how many representatives large and small states would send to the bicameral Congress
Great Compromise
temporarily relieved sectional differences by maintaining the balance between the number of free and slave states in the Union
Missouri Compromise
prevented European colonization of land in the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
worked to help newly freed slaves by providing: 1) education, 2) clothing/food, 3) jobs
Freedmans Bureau