Lesson 1
What did Pope Gregory do when Henry tried to remove him from his position as pope?
He excommunicated Henry.
Who did the rebellious barons force to sign the Magna Carta?
What were the crusades for?
It was to establish Christian control over the Holy Land.
By the early 700s, Muslims ruled most of what peninsula?
The Iberian Peninsula
What was the bubonic plague also known as?
Black Death
Who declared they had supreme authority over the Church and secular leaders?
Pope Gregory VII.
What is common law?
How did the Third Crusade end?
In a truce.
What were Muslims in Spain known as?
Moors.
What was the conflict between England and France called?
The Hundred Year's War
What did the Italian monk, Hildebrand, become in 1703?
The pope.
What was William the Conqueror?
The Norman duke.
Peter the Hermit called all Christians to join his fight for what purpose?
To free Jerusalem.
What was the Reconquista?
The movement to drive the Muslims from Spain.
What are scrapegoats?
People who are blamed for a problem they didn't cause.
How was Otto the Great similar to?
Charlemagne
What became a destination of pilgrimage?
The Cathedral of Canterbury.
How were minor heresies forgiven?
A fast or a whipping.
What were Isabella and Ferdinand determined to do?
Unite Spain.
After Black Death, the remaining serfs demanded what?
They demanded wages for their work.
Who came to the throne in 1180?
King Philip II Augustus
What does habeas corpus mean in Latin?
"You shall have the body."
Who organized the Second Crusade?
King Louis VII and the German emperor.
When did Ferdinand of Aragon marry Isabella?
1469
What weapon helped England win key battles in the early stages war?
The longbow.