Early Middle Ages
Many different cultures devloped in Europe because of these natural barriers.
mountains and rivers
When Charles Martel gave land to nobles for fighting Muslim invaders, this was the development of what?
Feudalism
In 1215, King John of England was forced to sign this document to recognize the rights of nobles.
Magna Carta
This was caused by extreme weather like too much rain in the summer and cold winters.
The Great Famine
Flying buttresses and stained-glass windows were characteristics of what type of what type of cathedrals?
Gothic
Charlemagne's promotion of literacy and the arts led to this cultural flourishing.
Carolingian Renaissance
In the feudal system, which group was tied to the manor and could not own property?
serfs
The Magna Carta established that no free man could be punished without this.
due process
The Christian effort to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula.
The Reconquista
This was the language of scholars and educated people across Europe.
Latin
The plague swept through Europe in the 1300's, killing millions and challenging peoples' what?
faith
Where did the people who were protected under feudalism live?
the manor
This historical document banned "cruel and unusual" punishment.
The English Bill of Rights
The dispute over who should be king of England was at the center of this.
War of Roses
The main goal of this was to use reason to explain questions of faith.
Scholastism
Who conquered England in 1066 C.E.?
William of Normandy or William the Conqueror
Large areas of land granted by kings to lords.
fiefs
The American colonists listed "taxation without representation" as a grievance against King George in this document.
The Declaration of Independence
This person inspired French troops and led them to victory at Orleans.
Joan of Arc
The name of holy wars whose main goal was to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
The Crusades
In 732 C.E., Charles Martel defeated a Muslim army in this battle.
The Battle of Tours
What is a term in the context of feudal Europe that means loyalty or faithfulness to a superior?
fealty
This document establilshed a government based on the power of the people in 1788.
The U.S. Constitution
This was caused when France seized English land in France, then England invaded France.
The Hundred Years' War
The church court created with the purpose of investigating people accused of heresy.
Inquisition