Lesson 1
What is a cell?
The basic unit of structure and function in every living organisms
What are 2 organelles that are in plant cells that aren't in animal cells? And what do they do?
The Cell Wall and Chloroplasts. The Cell Wall provides structural strength and support, and also provides a semi-permeable surface for molecules to pass in and out of the cell, and the Chloroplasts produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield
What are the 2 types of transport in a cell?
Passive and active transport
What is mitosis and how many stages is it?
During which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell, which is five stages long.
What is an autotroph and heterotroph?
An autotroph is an organism that produces its own food through capturing energy from sunlight or chemicals. And a Heterotroph is an organism that gets its food/energy from eating other organisms.
What does every living thing have in common?
They are all made of cells
What organelle turns energy into food particles and what is the singular version of the word?
The Mitochondria. The Mitochondrion
What does selectively permeable mean and what organelle is selectively permeable?
Allowing some things to pass through it, while others can't. The cell membrane.
What are all the stages in mitosis in order and which one is the longest?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and Prophase is the longest.
What is cellular respiration and fermentation?
Cellular respiration is the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells, releasing energy. And fermentation is the process by which cells release energy by breaking down food molecules without using oxygen.
Who named the cell and when?
Robert Hooke in the mid-1600s
What is the main organelle in a cell and what does it do?
The Nucleus. It serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the cell's control center
What do cells rely on the movement of to supply them with nutrients and materials?
Surrounding gases, liquids, and particles.
What is the difference between Cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?
A plant cell's rigid cell wall cannot squeeze together in the same way that a cell membrane can, and in an animal cell membrane squeezes together in the middle of the cell
People usually use the term respiration for breathing, but in the life science community, what does it mean and does it require energy from the cell?
Cells use oxygen in cellular respiration to exhale waste products of that process from your body. Yes, it does require energy.
What is the Cell Theory?
A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things (or) all biological organisms are composed of cells; cells are the unit of life and all life come from preexisting life.
What is the shape of a Lysosome and what does it do in the cell?
A circle. It is the cells recycling center
______ and ___ and particles of ____ must be able to move into a cell, while _____ materials must move out
(Fill in the blanks)
Oxygen, water, food, and waste
What is the difference between plant and animal cells when preparing for division?
For animal cells, the cell produces structures that will help it to divide into two new cells, but for plants, a pair of centrioles is duplicated to help later with dividing the DNA between the daughter cells.
What language does the word 'photosynthesis' come from, and what are the two words in the language that make it up? (Bonus points, optional) And what do the 2 words mean?
Greek. The two words are Photos, and syntithenai. Photos means light, and syntithenai means putting together.
Who was the first person to observe a living cell?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What do red blood cells do and what lets them travel through the body?
The red blood cells deliver oxygen to cells throughout your body. The specialized cells in the heart
What does endocytosis mean?
The process by which the cell membrane takes particles into the cell by changing shape and engulfing the particles.
What are all the stages of the cell cycle in order and is mitosis continuous
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis. And no, mitosis is not continuous
What 2 elements yield to carbon dioxide, water, and energy, and what do autotrophs do to produce their own glucose?
Glucose and oxygen. They carry out photosynthesis.