Energy flow and productivity
This is the portion of solar radiation that producers actually capture and convert into chemical energy.
What is gross primary productivity?
This growth model shows population increase that slows as resources become limited.
What is logistic growth?
This process in the carbon cycle releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from organisms as they break down glucose for energy.
What is cellular respiration?
This biodiversity index commonly used in IB ESS measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a community will belong to different species.
What is the Simpsons Index
This conservation strategy protects species within their natural habitats, such as national parks.
What is in situ conservation?
This productivity measure is calculated by subtracting respiratory losses from gross primary productivity.
What is net primary productivity?
This symbol represents the maximum population size that an environment can sustain over time.
What is carrying capacity?
When large quantities of organic matter decompose in aquatic ecosystems and oxygen demand exceeds supply, this measure is used to quantify the amount of oxygen required by decomposers.
This field sampling method involves placing a square frame on the ground to estimate organism abundance in a defined area.
What is quadrat sampling?
This international classification system evaluates a species’ risk of extinction using categories such as Vulnerable, Endangered, and Critically Endangered.
What is the IUCN Red List?
In a food chain where producers contain 20,000 kJ of energy, this is the approximate energy available to the third trophic level using the ecological efficiency rule.
What is 200J?
When a population temporarily exceeds carrying capacity and then declines sharply, this phenomenon is known as this.
What is population overshoot and dieback?
An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide leads to higher global temperatures, which then causes permafrost to thaw and release more greenhouse gases. This sequence describes this type of feedback loop.
What is a positive feedback loop?
This sampling method is most appropriate when studying organisms that move along an environmental gradient, such as changes in vegetation from a riverbank to dry land.
What is transect sampling?
When a habitat is broken into smaller isolated patches, reducing gene flow between populations, this process has occurred.
What is habitat fragmentation?
This explains why energy pyramids are always upright, even when biomass pyramids can sometimes be inverted in aquatic systems.
What is energy lost as heat during respiration?
A population with high birth rates, short lifespans, and little parental care is typically described using this reproductive strategy.
What is an r strategist?
In systems analysis, this term describes the movement of matter or energy between storages, such as carbon moving from the atmosphere to plants during photosynthesis.
What is a flow?
Within Lincolns index, if the number of marked individuals recaptured in a second sample is very small, this suggests this about the total population size.
A species that has a disproportionately large effect on ecosystem structure relative to its abundance is called this and without this species the entire ecosystem could collapse.
What is a keystone species?
In a tropical rainforest, rapid decomposition leads to thin soils despite high productivity. This ecological process explains the quick recycling of nutrients back into living biomass.
What is rapid nutrient cycling?
This density-dependent factor regulates populations through increased competition, predation, or disease as population size increases.
What is negative feedback regulation?
A forest ecosystem maintains relatively stable carbon levels over time because increased plant growth removes excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This stability is an example of this property of systems.
What is a dynamic equilibrium?
If animals learn to avoid traps after being captured once, this behavioral response would most likely cause the predicted population of the species within that area to be ...
What is an underestimated?
This conservation concept emphasizes maintaining corridors between habitats to allow migration and genetic exchange.
What is habitat connectivity (or wildlife corridors)?