Atomic Structure
these two subatomic particles weigh 1 amu each, and are located in the nucleus
proton and neutron
Two types of strong chemical bonds
Ionic and Covalent
This creates the special properties of water
Water is a polar molecule that can form weak Hydrogen bonds.
ACID
T or F If scientists work hard enough, they can prove that facts are true and they can turn their theories into laws.
False. Scientists work to support their ideas with evidence, not "prove facts", and theories do not become laws.
this subatomic particle has a charge of -1
electron
Ionic Bonds are characterized by this:
The creation of two ions which are then attracted to one another. + and - ions attracting
Water is called the ________________________ because it can easily dissolve ionic molecules such as NaCl doing to it's ability to form weak hydrogen bonds
Universal Solvent
if a substance is added to water and causes an excess of OH- ions, that substance is a
Base
(This is from our current topic)
The difference between a solution and a suspension
In a solution the particles are dissolved and equally distributed. In a suspension there are solid particles floating around, like vegetable soup. Your blood is an example of a suspension.
If you want an electrically neutral atom, there has to be an equal number of these:
electrons and protons
Covalent bonding is characterized by this:
Atoms sharing electrons so that they can collectively satisfy the octet rule and have 8 valence electrons in their outer shell
Adhesion and Cohesion are different. How?
Adhesion is when the polar molecules of water tend to be attracted to a solid surface, like the glass in a test tube. and Cohesion is when the polar molecules of water tend to be attracted to each other.
The scale that we use to measure pH is called the _______ scale and it is _________
pH scale
Logarithmic
Solute vs Solvent
A solute (solid) is added to a solvent (liquid) to make a solution
elements can exist all by themselves. Or they can be combined with other elements to make a ________. An example of which is _____
compound, (salt, sugar, HCl, AgNO3)
Ionic and Covalent bonding are two strong types of bonding that we have discussed in class. What is a very important weak bond that is associated with the dipole molecule H2O?
hydrogen bond
What force, adhesion or cohesion, accounts for surface tension?
cohesion
What are two characteristics of bases
Feel Soapy or slippery
Taste Bitter
pH of over 7
What is the mnemonic that used to remember the prefixes in the metric system?
An atom has needs. Tell me about the octet rule, and how electrons determine an atom's reactivity with other atoms.
The octet rule states that an atom is most stable with 8 valence electrons. Therefore, an atom's reactivity is based on its ability to gain or lose those electrons.
a column in the periodic table that has a bunch of elements that don't readily bond, because they already have 8 valence electrons
What is the Noble Gases? Column on the far right
Water in it's solid form (ice) floats, and water has a very high specific heat.
What are two characteristics of acids?
pH of under 7
tastes sour
How many ml are in a liter? The liter is the SI unit of volume.
1000