2.1 African Explorers in the Americas
These Africans were the first to arrive in the territory that became the United States.
Who are ladinos?
Over 12.5 million Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas during this trade that lasted more than 350 years.
What is the transatlantic slave trade?
The second part of the journey for captured Africans which involved traveling across the Atlantic Ocean.
What is the Middle Passage?
African captives resisted and lifelong enslavement individually and collectively by...
What is staging hunger strikes and attempting to jump overboard?
These writings served as historical accounts of the enslaved experience, showcasing Black humanity, and advocating for the inclusion of people of African descent in American society.
What are slave narratives?
These intermediaries, known for their linguistic and cultural fluency, played a critical role in early colonization efforts.
Who are Atlantic creoles?
This port city in South Carolina was the center of United States slave trading.
What is Charleston?
The first part of the journey could last several months, as captured Africans did this.
What is marched from interior states to the Atlantic coast?
Sengbe Pieh, also known as Joseph Cinque, led a revolt on this famous slave ship.
What is La Amistad?
Phillis Wheatley became the first African American to publish this type of literary work.
What is a book of poetry?
Ladinos were part of early Spanish expeditions to claim Indigenous lands, including this region named by Spain.
What is La Florida?
Of those who survived the journey, only this percentage (approximately 388,000) came directly from Africa to what became the United States.
What is 5%?
The transatlantic slave trade increased the use of this to enslave neighboring societies.
What is violence or domestic wars?
African resistance aboard slave ships led to these safety adaptations by enslavers.
What are nets and barricades?
The following excerpt comes from...
"The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror when I was carried on board. I was immediately handled and tossed up to see if I were found by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me."
What is The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789)
This African conquistador maintained his freedom by serving in the Spanish military and participated in the exploration of La Florida.
Who is Juan Garrido?
The top five enslaving nations involved in the transatlantic slave trade.
What are Portugal, Great Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands?
African leaders often sold people from these groups to maintain local dominance.
What are soldiers and war captives from opposing ethnic groups, criminals, and indebted people?
Diagrams of slave ships were used during this movement to raise awareness of inhumane conditions.
What is the abolitionist movement?
A term used to describe the trading of captives as goods for profit.
What is "commodification"?
Estevanico, an enslaved African healer from Morocco, is best known for his explorations in this region of the United States.
What is the southwestern United States?
The majority of enslaved Africans brought to the U.S. came from these nine contemporary African regions.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: Nearly half of the enslaved Africans brought to mainland North America came from these two regions.
What are Senegambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Angola, and Mozambique?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: What are Senegambia and Angola?
Some coastal states became wealthy from trade in goods and people, while some interior states became...
What is less stable/instable?
Slave ship diagrams depict a systematic arrangement of captives designed to...
What is maximize profit by transporting as many people as possible?
Enslavers used this tool to force-feed captives who resisted during the Middle Passage.
What is a speculum oris; a mechanical device designed to pry open the mouth of someone refusing to eat?