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Explain passive transport
Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy, including simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
Be able to explain what would happen if a cell was exposed to super salty conditions. Would the cell shrink or get larger? Why?
The cell would shrink because the cell pulls the water out of the cell through osmosis.
Explain why it is important for cells to be able to go through the cell cycle.
It allows a single cell to develop into a full organism, replacing old or damaged cells to maintain tissues.
Explain active transport
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy.
Explain the function of transport proteins and channel proteins.
Transport proteins and channel proteins both facilitate the movement of substances across cell membranes.
Understand the difference between cytokinesis in animal cells vs. plants cells.
Animal cells pinch in the middle like clay being squeezed in the middle and breaking into 2 pieces of clay.
Plant cells build a wall in between to divide into 2.
Understand what selectively permeable means.
a membrane allows certain molecules or ions to pass through while restricting others.
Know how endocytosis and exocytosis work.
Endocytosis brings materials into the cell by pinching the cell membrane inward to form a vesicle while exocytosis removes materials by having a vesicle fuse with the cell membrane to release its context.
Why is it important for cells to be able to move materials in and out?
It allows the cell to obtain necessary nutrients, eliminate waste, and maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis).
Know the phases of the cell cycle and what happens in each phase.
Interphase- a cell prepares for division by growing, replicating its DNA, and synthesizing proteins and organelles.
Mitos- a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
Cytokinesis- division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.
Explain diffusion and be able to give a clear example of diffusion happening.
Diffusion is the natural spreading out of something. Like my sister spreading perfume at one end of the room and then spreading it all the way to me at the other end of the room.
Know the phases of mitosis, and give a short explanation of what happens in each phase.
Prophase- the cell prepares for division .
Metaphase- chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.
Anaphase- the duplicated chromosomes (sister chromatids) split apart and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase- the cell reverses the events of prophase and prepares for physical division.