Earth's Layers
Name Earth's layers in any order
Mantle, Crust, Core (inner & outer)
Name the 3 kinds of rocks and how they form:
Igneous (cooling magma/lava)
Sedimentary (sediments/organic matter pressed over time)
Metamorphic (changed by heat/pressure)
What are the 5 things that make a mineral a Mineral?!
Naturally occurring
Always a solid
Forms by Inorganic Processes
Crystal Structure
Definite chemical composition
What processes can cause rocks to change into metamorphic rocks?
Heat & pressure!
What did the geologist say to the jedi?
May the QUARTZ be with you.
Which layer is the thickest?
Mantle
Which cools faster, an intrusive igneous rock or an extrusive igneous rock - why?
Extrusive igneous - because it is on the surface! (example: obsidian).
How many minerals are there?
Over 5,000!
What processes cause rocks to break down?
Weathering & erosion
What did the geology teacher say to a student who aced their test?
Gneiss job!!
Which kind of rock can fossils be found in?
Sedimentary - WHY?!
Streak
What processes forms sedimentary rock? (2 words)
Compaction
Cementation
Sedimentation
Name 3 characteristics that geologists use to describe rocks.
How it forms - igneous, sedimentar, metamorphic
Where it forms - extrusive/intrusive igneous
Grain size - extrusive/intrusive igenous
Grain patterns - foliated/nonfoliated metamorphic
Color or Composition - what minerals make up the rock
As you go deeper into earth, the temperature and pressure _____________.
Increase
How are rocks different than minerals?
Rocks have minerals IN them! Minerals are the building blocks of rocks!
If a mineral can scratch another mineral, it can help determine its ____________.
Hardness
Choose an energy source (core or sun) and explain how it supplies energy for the rock cycle.
Core: energy (heat) melts rock deep below the earth's surface - rocks become less dense and rise. Eventually the magma may cool and become solid rock. (also... convection currents!)
Sun: energy drives the water cycle which can weather rock. This rock becomes sediment and over time can compact to become sedimentary rock.
What is the LEAST reliable property when identifying a mineral?
color
How do convection currents work? Think back to our lab with the blue food coloring!
Rocks are heated from the core's energy, become less dense, and rise. When they cool they become more dense and sink again. This continues over and over!
Geniss and Marble are both metamorphic rocks. Which one is a foliated metamorphic rock, and which one is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock?
Gneiss - foliated
Marple - nonfoliated
What ways can a mineral form?
Cooling magma
cooling lava
from solutions (evaporation)
Explain how one type of rock can change to another kind (not always the same!) depending on the process.
igneous to sediment because of weathering
igneous to metamorphic because of heat and pressure
igneous to magma because of heat/melting
How do scientists know what's going on below earth's surface? Give 3 examples
Rocks & magma (direct evidence)
Seismic waves & models (indirect evidence)