1
Describe a solid
has a definite shape
definite volume
particles vibrate in place
describe a liquid
definite volume
NO definite shape
particles are close together and move around
describe a gas
NO definite shape or volume
particles move all over, widely spread out
What 2 properties of a gas depend on its container?
Shape and volume
how are particles in a liquid different from those in a solid?
A solid's particles vibrate in place while liquid's can move around
What does it mean for a liquid to have a high viscosity?
It has a high distance of flowing.
what is the main cause of any change of state
change in thermal energy
Matter is anything have has _________ and takes up ________________
mass, space
matter can change from one state to another with a change in
thermal energy
Plasma is like a gas because it has no definite shape or volume but unlike gas, plasma has an________
electrical charge
How does particle motion affect pressure?
As particles move faster, the pressure on the walls of a container increase.
Directly proportional relationships are as one variable increase, the other_____________________
Increases at a constant rate
If the temperature of a gas were to decrease, what would happen to the volume of the gas?
it would decrease
Inversely proportional relationships state that when pressure is high, volume is
low
T/F
the evaporation of water over time is a form of sublimation
False
What are the characteristics of crystalline solids?
Particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern and melt at a distinct temperature.
What does Charles's law state?
When the TEMPERATURE of a gas at a constant pressure is increased, its VOLUME also increases
What are the characteristics of an amorphous solid?
Particles are not arranged in a regular pattern and does not melt at a distinct temperature.
What does Boyle's law state?
When the PRESSURE of a gas at a constant temperature is increased, its VOLUME is decreased.
If I have 10 grams of silver that melt at 961.8*C, what would 5 grams of silver melt at? Why?
961.8, because no matter how much of a substance there is, it will always melt at the same temperature.
T/F
Placing a balloon in the freezer will cause the balloon to expand?
False
T/F
A liquid does not have a shape of its own
true
Deposition starts as a gas and ends as a _________ by ___________particles
solid, losing
vaporization starts as a liquid and ends as a ________ by __________ particles
gas, gaining
Sublimation starts as a solid and ends as a _________ by _________ particles
gas, gaining
what is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?
Thermal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy (heat) while temperature is the average kinetic energy (hot or cold).
what is the difference between freezing and melting in terms of energy?
In melting, the substance gains energy
In freezing, the substance loses energy
what is the difference between vaporization and evaporation?
Vaporization is the change instate from a liquid to a solid.
Evaporation only occurs at the surface of a liquid.
What is the difference between condensation and sublimation?
Condensation is the change in state from a gas to a liquid.
In sublimation, particles do not pass through the liquid state
What is pressure?
force divided by the area over which it is exerted. P=F/A