Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
What is the primary difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering occurs when rocks are broken by wind, water, or ice. Erosion, on the other hand, occurs when wind, water, or ice moves rocks.
Gravity causes mass movement, one of several processes that move sediment downhill. Name the examples of mass movement
Examples: landslide, creep, mudflow, slump.
What is runoff?
Runoff is moving water that picks up and carries sediment.
Why is it called an ice age?
Because during that time, the surface of Earth is covered by continental glaciers.
The principle of ________ states that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes
uniformitarianism
Describe deposition.
Deposition is the process by which rocks or sediments are dropped off to a new location.
______ by water removes particles on Earth's surface, while ______ by water builds it up.
Erosion, deposition
The amount of runoff in an area depends on five main factors. List them:
1. amount of rain an area gets
2. vegetation
3. type of soil
4. shape of the land
5. how people use the land
What is the difference between a continental glacier and a valley glacier?
A continental glacier is a glacier that covers a continent or large island. A valley glacier, on the other hand, is a long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice builds up in a mountain valley.
The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil is called ______.
erosion
The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces is called _________.
Mechanical weathering
True or False: Any time moving water slows, it deposits some of the sediment it carries. First, larger rocks stop rolling and sliding as fast-moving water starts to slow down. Then, finer and finer particles fall to the river's bed as the water flows even more slowly.
True
As runoff travels, it forms tiny grooves in the soil called ______.
rills.
As a glacier flows over the land, it picks up rocks in a process called _______.
plucking
_________ is the process by which sediment is laid down in new locations.
Deposition
The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes is called ________ weathering.
chemical
What force is needed in order for the mass movement of sediment to occur?
Gravity
A ______ is a large groove, or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm.
gully
Glaciers are part of which sphere?
Cryosphere
The flat, wide area of land along a river is called a ______ _______.
flood plain
The process by which wind removes surface materials is called _______.
deflation
True or False: Gravity moves sediment uphill.
False
A ______ lake occurs when a meander develops such a large loop that the bends of a river join together.
oxbow
Continental glaciers cover about what percentage of Earth's land?
10%
A ______ glacier is a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.
continental