Vocab
What is a dictator?
Someone with complete control over the government
What animal did the Carthaginians use to defeat the Romans in the second Punic War?
Elephants
How did Julius Caesar die?
Stabbed in congress
Explain the role of aqueducts
Carry clean water from the hills to cities
What continent was Carthage in?
Africa
What does Pax Romana mean?
Roman peace
Point to Europe on the world map
DOUBLE POINTS: (north of Africa, west of Russia)
Why were the Gracchus brothers killed?
Attempting to bring about social reform (distributing land/wheat to the poor)
Name two features of Roman architecture still used in buildings today
Arches, columns, cement
Name two qualities of a Roman soldiers
Loyal, courageous, proud, volunteers, brought own weapons, rewarded and punished
The large farming estates built by wealthy Roman families
Latifundia
Name something Roman adapted from the Etruscans
Language, construction (arch), engineering (marsh drainage), beliefs (gods & goddesses)
Name one of the foreign groups that invaded Rome and contributed to its downfall
DOUBLE POINTS: Huns, Visigoths, Vandals
Name one feature of the Roman justice system that influenced the US justice system
innocent until proven guilty, guilt beyond reasonable doubt, trial by jury, right to mount a defense
Who elected the Tribunes?
Plebeians
What is a messiah? Name the Christian and Jewish Messiahs
Chosen one/savior; Jesus, still waiting
In which century was the Roman State founded?
500s BCE (509)
What century did Pax Romana end?
100s CE (180)
They were preserved with ash after the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius
What was the name of early Christian bishops who eventually became more powerful?
Patriarchs
Philosophy stressing the importance of accepting one’s fate
Stocism
Explain the outcome/results of the three Punic Wars
1 - Rome wins Corsica/Sicily/Sardinia, 2 - Carthage wins destroys Rome, Rome wins and rules everything outside of Africa
What were the four factors that led to the fall of the Roman Empire?
Military (invasions), political turmoil (corruption), economy (heavy taxes), social causes (decline in patriotism)
What scientific theory was developed by Ptolemy? What was his theory?
Geocentrism; the universe revolves around the Earth
Augustus