Earth's Interior
What is a seismic wave?
waves produced by earthquakes or shifts in the Earth's mantle/crust
T/F - Minerals have a definite chemical composition.
True
What are the 3 categories of rocks?
sedimentary rock, igneous rock, metamorphic rock
Give an example of weathering.
Wind blowing, waves, water, chemical weathering, frost wedging, ice, etc.
Which part(s) of Earth's interior has two district layers?
A. crust
B. mantle
C. core
D. crust and core
Core
What 2 layers of Earth make up the lithosphere?
Crust and Upper Mantle
Name 4 mineral properties
streak, luster, color, density, cleavage/fracture, crystal structure, hardness, special properties
What kind of rock is formed from cooled magma or lava?
Igneous Rock
How does granite form?
Granite forms as magma cools.
Which is Earth's thinnest layer?
Crust
What are the 4 layers of the Earth?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
What is the hardest mineral?
diamond
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is the breaking down of materials. Erosion is the process of transporting/moving the sediments.
What processes can recycle sedimentary rock into sediment?
Through uplifting to the surface, weathering, and erosion.
Heat in the core and the mantle cause ____________, which help to cycle material on Earth.
convection current
What do geologist use to study Earth's interior?
Seismic waves or studying rocks taken from within Earth's crust
Fast cooling lava creates large/small crystals?
small
Which type of rock would you see fossils in?
Sedimentary Rock
Explain why the change from metamorphic rock to magma almost always occurs below Earth's surface.
Extreme heat is needed to melt rock to form magma, and this heat occurs deep below the surface.
Metallic, glassy, earthy, and pearly are words that describe a mineral's __________________.
Luster
Which layer of the Earth creates the magnetic field?
Outer Core - liquid metal and movement
What role does the sun's energy play in the formation of minerals from solutions?
Energy from the sun can cause water to evaporate. Minerals dissolved in the water will be left behind when the water evaporates.
Explain the basic difference between igneous and metamorphic rock.
Igneous rock is made from cooling magma or lave. Metamorphic rock is old rock changed by pressure and heat.
Describe the role of pressure in the rock cycle.
Pressure physically compacts the rock. When this occurs, the appearance, composition, and texture of the rock changes.
A rock sample contains tiny pieces of other rocks that are cemented together. Is it an igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock? Explain your answer.
It is sedimentary rock, which is the type of rock that is formed from sediment that is cemented together.