BEGINNER
bill of right
first ten amendments
Aliens
foreign-born resident, or noncitizen
James G. Blaine
a congressman from Maine and Speaker of the House from 1869 to 1875, was an unsuccessful candidate for President in 1876 and 1880. He served as Secretary of State in 1881 and again from 1889 to 1892.
Libel
false and malicious use of printed words
Picketing
Patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike
Civil Liberties
the guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary acts of government, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion
Pearl Harbor
Harbor on the island of Oahu in Hawaii, on which a US naval base is located
Establishment Clause
part of the 1st Amendment of the Constitution that guarantees the separation of church and State
Slander
False and malicious use of spoken words
prior restraint
idea that government cannot curb ideas before they are expressed
civil rights
term used for positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people, prohibitions of discrimination
Due Process Clause
part of the 14th Amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people
Free Exercise Clause
the second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom, which guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion
sedition
the crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts
injunction
a court order that forces or limits the performance of some act by a private individual or by a public official
Robert H. Jackson
A justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1941 to 1954. He is best known for his opinion in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 1943, that expanded the scope of the 1st Amendment's freedom of speech guarantee.
Due Process Clause
part of the 14th Amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people
parochial
church-related, as in a parochial school
seditious speech
the advocating, or urging, of an attempt to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities with violence
shield laws
a law which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential information in legal proceedings
Oliver Wendell Holmes
was a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1902 to 1932 who was nicknamed the Great Dissenter.
process of incorporation
The process of incorporating, or including, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause
John Roberts
received his J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1979. He later worked as a law clerk at the Supreme Court, Associate Counsel to President Ronald Reagan, and in the White House Counsel's office from 1982 to 1986. He was nominated to the Supreme Court by President George W. Bush and was confirmed in 2005.
symbolic speech
expression by conduct; communicating ideas through facial expressions, body language, or by carrying a sign or wearing an arm band
assemble
to gather with one another in order to express views on public matters