8.1 & 8.2: The Origins of Islam
What were the benefits of those who were "People of the Book"?
Muslims treated Christians and Jews as superior
What are eight examples of groups of people that Muslim rulers were able to unite and blend their traditions/cultures?
1. Arabs
2. Persians
3. Mongols
4. Turks
5. Africans
6. Indians
7. Europeans
8. Southeast Asians
What were four geographic regions that impacted Africa?
- Tropical Rainforests (jungle)
- Deserts (Sahara, Kalahari, Namib)
- Grassy Plains (Savannas, Sahara, Sahel)
Which two other ancient civilizations did this East African kingdom control trade with?
Romans and Persia
Sundiata
Important West African leader, who through military conquest -> established the Mali empire
As Islam spread to other areas of the world, how did it change/which concepts did it adopt?
1. Adopted practices of conquered people
2. Continued practices such as vailing women
3. Islam encouraged people to continue their work without Islam disrupting them
What were four ideas that spread as a result of Muslim trading?
Arabic language and words
The use of bank checks
Creating banks with offices/branches
What was the impact of Bantu Migrations on African Culture?
About 1000 BCE, waves of population groups from West Africa began moving from West Africa (Ningana) Southward and eastward -> Bantu as they moved, they spread three things:
- Knowledge of farming
- Knowledge of iron making
- Their language
What three trade items did African merchants transported from the "interior of Africa" to the markets of Axum?
1. Ivory
2. Animal hides
3. Gold
Mansa Musa
Most famous leader of the Mali Empire. promoted Islam
Why do Muslims fast during Ramadan?
To learn restraint and self control
What are five changes made by Shah Abbas The Great to strengthen Safavid rule in Persia?
1. Promoted trade, which helped their cities grow
2. Helped farmers by lowering their taxes
3. Encouraged certain manufacturing
4. Built many Muslim churches
5. Built schools
Which three items did the ancient people of Benin trade to their neighbors in the savanna?
Pepper, ivory, and slaves
What four other trade goods were exchanged in the markets of the Axumite city of Adulis?
1. Iron
2. Spices
3. Precious stones
4. Cotton cloth
Adulis
Important East African port trading city
Shiites believe that Muslim leaders should have some type of family connection to the prophet of Muhammad.
Sunnis believe that anyone can be a leader if they follow Muhammad's example.
What were five advancements that the Muslims made in Math and Science?
- Algebra
- Charts/tables of stars
- Translations of ancient Greek math books
- 0-9 Numerals
- Inventions to help with astronomy
What was the name of the woman leader of the Hausa city-state of Zazzau?
Amina
What were two distinguishing characteristics of the newly constructed religious buildings of the kingdom of Axum during/after the reign of King Ezana?
Religious Images
Murals on wood panels
Ethiopia
Words ancient Greeks used for the East African Red Sea Coast
How were conquered people treated under Islamic rule?
Early on when Muslim armies conquered new areas, they were tolerant of conquered people. They encouraged people to convert to Islam but did not force them to convert. They crated new laws that were more supportive to Muslims. Muslim empires from 700-1600 AD used slavery/forced them to convert.
What made Suleiman "magnificent'?
- Brilliant military general, conquered new regions
- Created a new system of laws
- Signed peace treaties with emerging powers of Europe such as the Holy Roman Empire
Which group of Europeans began showing up in West Africa in the region of Benin in the 1500s?
Portuguese merchants
What was the name of the most successful East African city-state of the Middle Ages?
Kilwa
Swahili
A language widely spoken in East Africa