Absolutism
This French king built the Palace of Versailles to symbolize his royal authority.
Who is Louis XIV?
He believed that government powers should be separated into different branches (Separation of Powers).
Who is Montesquieu?
The storming of this prison symbolized the beginning of the French Revolution.
What is the Bastille?
This 1688 event was unique because it was a largely bloodless transfer of power.
What is the Glorious Revolution?
The Edict of Nantes was significant because it promoted this.
What is religious tolerance?
This concept was used by absolute monarchs to justify their rule, claiming their authority came directly from God.
What is Divine Right?
This thinker believed people have natural rights including life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This radical political group included figures like Robespierre and pushed for the execution of the king.
Who are the Jacobins?
The English Bill of Rights (1689) significantly strengthened this legislative body.
What is Parliament?
Under the Old Regime in France, this social class paid almost all the taxes.
Who is the Third Estate?
Spain’s decline under Philip II was largely due to what factors?
What is costly wars and economic strain
Adam Smith advocated for this economic philosophy, which calls for minimal government interference.
What is Laissez-faire (or minimal government interference)?
This period of the revolution was characterized by mass arrests and executions of "enemies of the revolution."
What is the Reign of Terror?
He led the parliamentary forces (Roundheads) to victory during the English Civil War.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
This battle was the turning point of the American Revolution because it convinced France to join the war.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
This ruler governed an overly large empire, which proved to be a major challenge to his rule.
Who is Charles V?
This philosopher had a pessimistic view, believing government was necessary to prevent chaos and life was "nasty, brutish, and short."
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
Members of the Third Estate took this famous pledge, vowing not to disband until they had written a constitution.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
The execution of this king led to the creation of the Commonwealth.
Who is Charles I?
This economic policy angered American colonists because it limited their trade freedom.
What is Mercantilism?
Louis XIV appointed these officials to collect taxes and administer justice, thereby centralizing his power.
Who are intendants?
His writings focused heavily on fighting corruption and defending freedom of expression.
Who is Voltaire?
Created to protect the Revolution from its enemies, this body effectively ruled France during the Terror.
What is the Committee of Public Safety?
This document limited the king's power by preventing him from raising taxes without Parliament's consent.
What is the Petition of Right?
The St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre is an example of violence related to this type of conflict.
What is religious conflict?