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Life
Metabolism
Metabolism II
Cells
Random
100
Metabolism, organization, reproduction and raw material upon which evolution acts. Mainly the use of energy and self organization
What is Life
100
Food is added to the body for growth as a means of replacing material lost by the body through wear and tear
What is assimilation
100
food refined through digestion -> food absorbed by intestines -> first concocted in liver and then flows to the heart -> further refinement in heart to make it blood and then sent out to tissues... additional concoction to brain for more highly refined fluid
What is Galen's Model?
100
Occurs in mitochondria. Completes breakdown of glucose to CO2. Further supplies third stage with electrons and hydrogen atoms. Requires O2. Very little energy recovery.
What is Krebs Cycle?
100
Supports the idea of life as an organized structure. The state in which an organism responds to adverse conditions by taking an ametabolic approach. Organisms survive by shutting down normal processes until conditions are proper for the metabolic processes to resume.
What is cryptobiosis
200
Processes in living organisms obey unique laws of physics and chemistry. There exists a special kind of mater (in living things) that does not exist in non-living matter. Living matter possess some kind of non-physical "soul." Everything has a definite purpose
What is vitalistic approach to life
200
Believed animals are composed of four elements with all organs being made up of different proportions of the elements. Food was the same as the four elements and was thus added to the body when consumed. Four humors (yellow bile, black bile, phlegm, and blood) determined individuals temperament and health.
Who is Aristotle?
200
Life dependent on "inner fire" food as fuel.
What is Food Combustion.
200
Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Uses the electrons and hydrogen from the previous steps to fuel the production of ATP. H combines with oxygen to make water. O2 is the final electron acceptor. Large energy recovery.
What is Electron Transport Chain?
200
food+oxygen allows for synthesis of ATP -> ATP and glucose broken down to fuel glycolysis and Krebs Cycle -> electrons and hydrogen released from glycolysis and Krebs Cycle fuel the production of ATP, water and CO2 in the Electron Transport Chain
What is Cellular Respiration
300
Organisms are "machines" that can be explained by normal laws of physics and chemistry. These mechanisms are irrespective of purpose.
What is mechanistic approach to life.
300
Adopted Aristotle's theories regarding the humors. Believed all bodies arising from nature are suited structurally for their specific function.
Who is Galen?
300
Proved that blood must be circulated, not produced by food, by calculating heartbeats/day by the amount of blood held by heart.
Who is Harvey?
300
Includes active transport, movement, and assembly of macromolecules.
What is Cell Work?
300
sun energy/heat allows for synthesis of ATP -> light-dependent reaction-ATP synthesized -> light dependent reaction -> glucose synthesized through us of ATP
What is Photosynthesis?
400
Living things. Originally it was believed that certain products were specific to living organisms.
What is in vivo.
400
Made by the heart and moves through arteries to carry "vital spirits."
What is vital blood?
400
Believed that flames and animals consumed oxygen alike and that they both product carbon dioxide. Indicated that a guinea pig and burning charcoal produced the same amount of heat and the same volume of CO2 per cubic inch of O2 consumed.
Who is Lavoisier?
400
In order for non-spontaneous processes to be carried out, they must be coupled with spontaneous reactions of greater magnitude, which create the energy for cell work to occur, while still creating more disorder in the overall system.
What is Energy Coupling?
500
The a non-cellular, chemical process of deriving energy from organic compounds. Thought to have required the presence of living things but disproven by the production of alcohol and carbon dioxide from fruit juice and cell free extracts of yeast cells.
What is fermentation
500
Made by the liver, carried through veins to the organs where it is consumed.
What is nutritive blood?
500
Process in which glucose is broken down into smaller structures. Each change results in a release of energy and controlled by a specific enzyme. Final product is pyruvic acid. No oxygen used in the process. Release of energy supplied the 3rd stage with electrons and hydrogen ions. Very little energy recovery.
What is glycolysis?
500
Form of cell work. These processes allow for the creation of macromolecules and other forms of energy. Uphill processes that must be coupled with downhill processes to work.
What are cellular respiration and photosynthesis?