Topic 8.1
What is computer programming?
Computer programming is the process of designing and building a computer program
How many OOP principles are there?
There are 4 principles in total: abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems
What is machine learning? Name some examples
Machine learning is an artificial intelligence application that includes algorithms that analyze data, learn from this data, and then apply the knowledge gained to make informed decisions. Examples: virtual assistants, vision for driverless delivery trucks, drones and autonomous cars, chatbots and service bots, facial recognition
Name activities involved in programming
Activities involved in programming include: analyzing the problem, designing algorithms, creating flowcharts, coding, debugging, and testing
Name the most popular programming languages today
The most popular programming languages today: JavaScript, Python, Java, C++, C#
Where is Artificial Intelligence used?
Artificial intelligence is used in medicine, finance and commerce, industry and ensuring order and security — wherever it is required to process large amounts of data, systematize and predict
What is deep learning? Name some examples
Deep learning is а subfield of machine learning that structures algorithms in layers to create an “artificial neural network” that can learn and make intelligent decisions on its own. Examples: Image Recognition, Speech Recognition, Product recommendations, Email Spam Filtering
What is the purpose of programming?
The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate the performance of a task on a computer
What is programming language?
A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs.
What are the advantages of AI?
Advantages of AI include prevention of human errors and risks, cost reduction, 24/7 availability, relief from the boredom of repetitive tasks, and conservation of energy for more important work
What are the future trends of machine and deep learning?
Trends:
AI-based cybersecurity;
Automated machine learning;
AI will replace people who work with data.
Name programming paradigms
Programming paradigms: imperative programming, procedural programming, object-oriented programming, functional programming, declarative programming
Name types of programming and give examples
Types of programming languages: procedural (C, Pascal, Basic), functional (Haskell, Lisp, OCaml), scripting (Perl, JavaScript), Logic (Prolog, Mercury, Datalog), OOP (Java, C++, Python)
What are the disadvantages of AI?
Disadvantages of AI include costly implementation, lack of emotion and creativity, no improvement with experience, reduced jobs for humans
What is the difference between machine learning and deep learning?
While basic machine learning models do become progressively better at performing their specific functions as they take in new data, they still need some human intervention.
A deep learning model is able to learn through its own method of computing—a technique that makes it seem like it has its own brain
Describe what happens at the stage of creating flowcharts
At the creating flowcharts stage, there is creating a graphical tool that displays the steps that need to be executed in a program
What is OOP and what is its main goal?
Object-oriented programming (Java, C++, Python): this type is object-oriented programming paradigm (code is written in a way that focuses on objects, which represent real-world entities and the interactions between them), main goal is to create code that is modular, extensible and reusable
What are the differences between virtual and augmented reality?
Virtual reality creates simulations—meant to shut out the real world and envelope or “immerse” the viewer—using computers and sensory equipment such as headsets and gloves. -Unlike VR, AR is accessed using much more common equipment such as mobile phones, and it places characters and letters on top of video or a camera viewer. -With VR, you could explore an underwater environment. With AR, you could see fish swimming through the world around you
Virtual reality creates a computer-generated simulation of an alternate world, while augmented reality places virtual objects onto the real world through equipment such as mobile phones.
How does deep learning work?
A deep learning model is designed to continually analyze data with a logical structure similar to how a human would draw conclusions. To complete this analysis, deep learning applications use a layered structure of algorithms called an artificial neural network