Potpourri
An average BP that is higher than the accepted norm over a period of time consisting of 2 or more consecutive office visits.
What is the definition of hypertension.
The normal BP.
What is 119/79 mmHg. Ideally taken with patient sitting down, legs not crossed with feet flat on the floor.
Asymptomatic HTN
What is the initial s/s of HTN.
Low in sodium, saturated fat, cholesterol, and total fat. The diet focuses on fruits, vegetables, nuts, and low-fat dairy products. This plan is rich in potassium and calcium.
What is the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.
Initial drug of choice for HTN. Examples are Diuril, Hygroton, HCTZ.
What are thiazide diuretics.
Diastolic BP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)
What is the Mean Arterial Pressure.
Elevated BP
What is a SBP of 120-129 mmHg AND DBP of LESS THAN 80 mmHg.
palpitations, dyspnea
What are the cardiac and respiratory signs and symptoms of HTN.
Limit alcohol, lose weight, stop smoking, minimize stress
What are health promotion strategies for hypertensive patients.
Reduces blood volume through a modest diuresis. Monitor for hyperkalemia. Example is Spironolactone.
What are potassium-sparing diuretics.
103 million
Who are adults with high blood pressure in the U.S.
Stage I hypertension
What is SBP of 130-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89 mmHg.
dizziness, fatigue, headache, irritability, sleepiness, visual disturbances
What are the neurological signs and symptoms of HTN.
Healthy lifestyle changes and reassessed in 3-6 months.
What are interventions for Elevated BP.
Reduces blood volume through diuresis. Works on the Loop of Henle. Examples are Bumex, Edecren, Lasix, Demadex.
What are loop diuretics.
Neural regulation, arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, regulation of fluid volume, and neurohumoral regulation.
What are ways BP is regulated.
Stage 2 HTN
What is SBP 140 mmHg or higher or DBP 90 mmHg or higher.
Stroke, dementia, heart attack, heart failure, renal failure, blindness
What are major organs damaged from untreated HTN.
Lifestyle changes and medicine with monthly BP checks.
What are interventions for Stage I hypertension.
Works on the RAAS to inhibit vasoconstricting action of angiotensin II. Examples are Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, etc. Side effects are persistent cough and angioedema.
What are Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors).
Decrease BP inhibits the baroreceptors in carotid sinuses and aortic arch which stimulates the vasomotor center to signal vasoconstriction in the blood vessels to increase BP.
What is the homeostasis mechanism for balancing BP.
Hypertensive crisis
What is SBP 180 mmHg or higher and/or DBP 120 mmHg or higher.
Dangerously high BP with decrease level of consciousness, seizures, papilledema, coma. This is a medical emergency!
What is hypertensive encephalopathy.
Lifestyle changes and 2 different classes of medicine with monthly BP checks.
What are interventions for Stage II hypertension.
Blocks RAAS activation at the angiotensin II receptor site. Examples are Candesartan, Eprosartan, Losartan, etc.
What are Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers.