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100
What is Toulmin's central Thesis?
What is rationality can in, in principle, be claimed for every sort of argumentation and that its soundness criteria depend on the nature of the problems at issue.
100
What is Toulmin's wider meaning of the term validity?
What is logic must not be an "idealized" discipline closely connected to mathematics, but must evolve into a discipline based on the practice of argumentation and seeking closer ties with epistemology.
100
What does soundness of argumentation ("validity" in a broader sense) is an "intraterritorial," not an "interterritorial" notion mean?
What is argumentation must be assessed according to the particular norms which happen to apply adequately to the field to which the argumentation refers.
100
What is empirically oriented?
What is logicians start looking at the forms of argument that actually occur in the various fields of science.
100
What is historically oriented?
What is logic is going to incorporate the history of ideas.
200
When does the audience have a right to accept a standpoint?
What is only if the supporting argumentation is sound, regardless of the nature of the subject matter of the stand point.
200
What is field-invariant and field-depedent?
field-variant: general features of argumentation that are the same in all fields. field-dependent: particular features that are different in each field of argumentation.
200
What is the force of a modal term?
What is the practical point or message it conveys in the context in which it is used.
200
What are the grounds which justify the use of model terms?
What is criteria
200
What does (D) stand for and what is it?
What is data and it is pointing to certain facts on which the claim is based.
300
What does (C) stand for and what is it?
What is claim and the standpoint put forward and to be upheld.
300
What does (W) stand for and what is it?
What is warrant and justification
300
What does (R) stand for and what does it mean?
What is rebuttal and conditions of exception
300
What are the elements that always need to present in every argument?
What is claim, data, and the warrant.
300
Whenever there is a condition of rebuttal than the claim must be weakened by what?
What is a qualifier.
400
What does the validity of the argumentation depend on, according to Toulmin?
He call argumentation "valid" if, first, the required procedure has been correctly followed, that is, if the argumentation has been cast in the mold represented in the model, and, second, if the warrant for the step from data to claim is adequate and may be regarded authoritative.
400
According to Toulmin, why is the warrant a crucial element in determining the validity of argumentation?
the warrant indicates explicitly that the step from data to claim is justified and also why this is so.
400
Diagram and write out the "geometrical" concept of validity. And give example.
All A are B All B are C Therefore: All A are C. see page 132
400
What are logic types and give examples of logic types (all 6 categories)
see page 136
400
What are the 3 steps in argumentation?
page 139
500
What is Toulmin's simple model? Diagram your version
page 141
500
What is Toulmin's extended Model? Diagram your version.
page 142
500
Example of an argument with a qualifier without a rebuttal. Diagram
page 144
500
Example of Toulmin's non analytic but nevertheless valid
page 149