This or That
Pollution usually goes to (A) wealthy nations or (B) less powerful nations.
B – Powerful nations can shift environmental harm elsewhere.
What is one policy to reduce unequal exchange?
Reduce overconsumption, regulate trade, cancel unfair debt.
What is unequal exchange?
Trade that looks equal in money but unequal in energy and materials.
Hornborg argues that rich countries become wealthy mainly because they are more innovative and efficient.
False. He argues they depend on cheap energy and resources from poorer regions.
Capital accumulation grows wealth by (A) using resources from elsewhere or (B) creating money magically
A – Wealth grows by capturing energy and materials from other regions
3️Hornborg says technology depends on exploitation. Can you propose one way technology could break free from unequal exchange?
Design technology that uses renewable resources, is built locally, or prioritizes social needs over profit.
what is the term called for the total energy used to produce something.
Emergy: It includes both natural and human energy inputs.
Trade that looks fair in money can still be unequal in energy and resources.
True. Prices hide how much energy, land, and resources poorer regions lose.
Exergy refers to (A) energy wasted in production or (B) usable energy capable of doing work.
B – usable energy
What must wealthy countries do for ecological justice?
Reduce consumption and take responsibility for harm. As they consume more resources and cause more environmental damage.
What is capital accumulation?
The process of reinvesting profits to generate more wealth, which depends on capturing energy from elsewhere.
From a postcolonial perspective, historical violence and racial hierarchies are key to understanding unequal exchange.
True