UR TOXIC
in the name of SCIENCE!
intoxicating effects
looks ARE important!
you better treat me right!
100
Which plant is this the toxic principle of?
gallotannins (30%–50%), phytohemagglutinins in fruit and flowers and diterpenoids pulcherralpin and caesalpin in the leaves
Grey Nicker Bean
Caesalpinia spp
100
Allamanda
Allamanda Cathartica
100
Name 2-3 of the toxic effects of Beargrass.
- Photosensitization
- Anorexia
- Icterus
- Prostration
- Dark urine
- Yellowish discharge from eyes, nostrils
- Lesions include hepatic and renal degeneration, GI inflammation
100
Easter lily, Zephyranthes atamasco
Please list the important characteristics of this plant that you see in the image above.
*Win points if you have listed the majority of characteristics!
- Basal leaves
- Star-shaped white flowers
- Various faded shades of pink
100
Name the listed treatment for African rue.
General supportive care
200
Which plant is this the toxic principle of?
hydrogen cyanide and inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase
Johnson Grass
Sorghum
200
Wood Sorrel
Oxalis spp
200
What are 3 of the toxic effects of Grey Nicker Bean?
Within a few hours of ingestion, animals show...
- Vomiting
- Bloody diarrhea
- Abdominal discomfort
- Dehydration
*Not reported to cause death.*
200
Pokeweed, Phytolacca americana
Please list the important characteristics of this plant that you see in the image above.
*Win points if you have listed the majority of characteristics!
*Extra points: Is this plant annual or perennial?*
- Tall (up to 9 ft)
- Glabrous (bare, hairless)
- Red-purple stems with green leaves
- Black-purple berries
- Berries are in drooping racemes
*Extra points answer: perennial*
200
What is the treatment for Nightshades?
1% methylene blue - reduces methemoglobin
300
Which plant is this the toxic principle of?
contains cardiac glycosides
Foxglove
Digitalis purpurea
300
Bear Grass
Nolina texana
300
What are 3 of the toxic effects of African Rue?
- Anorexia
- Hindleg weakness
- Knuckling of fetlock
- Listlessness
- Excess salivation
- Subnormal temperature
- Pollakiuria
- Lesions include gastroenteritis, with hemorrhages on heart and under liver capsule
300
Foxglove, Digitalis purpurea
Please list the important characteristics of this plant that you see in the image above.
*Win points if you have listed the majority of characteristics!
- Spikes of purple-pink flowers
- Tall (up to 2m)
- Leaves are oval-shaped and hairy with a toothed margin
- Flowers are tube-shaped
- Flowers are pink-purple and occasionally white and show darker colored spots on the lower lip
300
Name the 2 listed treatments for Atamasco Lily.
- Prompt resolution of dermatologic signs with discontinued exposure
- Supportive care—antiemetics, antidiarrheals, and electrolyte replacement
*Rarely lethal.*
400
Which plant is this the toxic principle of?
resinoids (cicutoxin, cicutol) in roots, stem base, young leaves
Water hemlock
Cicuta spp
400
Colorado Rubber Weed
Hymenoxys richardsonii
400
What are 4 of the toxic effects of Oaks?
- Anorexia
- Rumen stasis
-Constipation followed by dark tarry diarrhea
- Dry muzzle
- Frequent urination
-Rapid weak pulse
- Death
- Lesions include perirenal edema, nephrosis, gastroenteritis
400
Oaks, Quercus spp
Please list the important characteristics of this plant that you see in the image above.
*Win points if you have listed the majority of characteristics!
- Mostly deciduous trees, rarely shrubs
- Spirally arranged leaves, with 2–4 clustered at the tips of all twigs
- Diverse leaf shape, often with lobate margins; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with smooth margins
- Acorn fruiting body
400
Name 3 of the listed treatments for Oaks.
- Diet must consist of >50% oak buds and young leaves for a period of time
- Increased BUN with diet history diagnostic
- Treatment symptomatic
- Oral ruminatorics are helpful
500
Which plants is this the toxic principle of?
sesquiterpene lactone (hymenovin) in fresh or dry plant
Bitterweed, Hymenoxys Odorata
Colorado Rubber Weed, Hymenoxys Richardsonii
500
False Indigo
Baptisia spp
500
1. How quickly can Water Hemlock kill something that's ingested it?
2. Name 4 of the toxic effects of Water Hemlock.
*Extra points: what species does this plant commonly poison?*
Toxicity retained when dry, except in hay. Rapid onset of clinical signs, with death in 15–30 min.
- Salivation
- Muscular twitching
- Dilated pupils
- Violent convulsions
- Coma
- Death
*Extra points answer: human*
500
Nightshades (Solanum)
Please list the important characteristics of this plant that you see in the image above.
*Win points if you have listed the majority of characteristics!
- Alternate leaves can be simple or pinnately compound
- Plant hairs
- Leaves and stems are sometimes armed with prickles
- The flowers have five petals that are often fused
- The flowers usually are white, yellow, or purple and are borne in clusters
500
Name 4 of the listed treatments for Pokeweed.
- No specific remedy for intoxication
- Supportive and symptomatic care helpful
- Monitor for hypotension and other cardiac effects
- Oils and protectants (GI tract)
- Dilute acetic acid PO, stimulants
- Blood transfusion (hemolytic anemia)