Poisonous Plants & Mushrooms
This plant, commonly called "deadly nightshade," contains atropine and scopolamine, which cause anticholinergic symptoms.
What is Belladona?
his antidote is used to reverse opioid toxicity and can be administered intranasally, intramuscularly, intravenously, or nebulized in an emergency.
What is naloxone?
Patients who present with pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and decreased mental status likely have this toxidrome.
What is opioid toxidrome?
Overdose of this class of drugs, often prescribed for anxiety and insomnia, can cause CNS depression but typically not respiratory depression unless combined with other depressants.
What are benzodiazepines?
This colorless, odorless gas, produced from incomplete combustion, is a common cause of accidental poisoning, especially in winter.
What is carbon monoxide?
ating just a few leaves or berries from this plant, which looks like parsley, can cause fatal respiratory paralysis.
What is poison hemlock?
This chelating agent is the primary antidote for lead poisoning in children and adults.
What is EDTA (or calcium disodium EDTA)?
Tremors, tachycardia, hypertension, and hyperthermia are classic findings in this toxidrome often seen in cocaine and amphetamine overdoses.
What is a sympathomimetic toxidrome?
Overdose of this class of medications can cause bradycardia, hypotension, and hypoglycemia; it’s treated with high-dose glucagon in severe cases.
What are beta-blockers?
This solvent, found in antifreeze, can cause severe metabolic acidosis, CNS depression, and renal failure.
What is ethylene glycol?
*What is antidote?
This mushroom, known as the "death cap," contains amatoxins and is responsible for the majority of mushroom poisoning deaths worldwide.
What is Amanita phalloides?
This treatment, also used in arrhythmias, is the antidote for digoxin toxicity.
What is digoxin immune fab (or DigiFab)?
xcessive salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI distress, and emesis (SLUDGE) are signs of this toxidrome.
What is cholinergic toxidrome?
This drug class, can cause seizures, wide QRS complexes, and anticholinergic symptoms in overdose.
What is TCA overdose?
This substance, found in many household cleaners, releases toxic chloramine gas when mixed with ammonia.
What is bleach (or sodium hypochlorite)?
Ingesting seeds from this common flowering plant can lead to cyanide poisoning due to the presence of amygdalin.
What is an apricot (or cherry or peach)?
This agent, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is a key antidote for beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker toxicity when standard treatments fail.
What is glucagon?
Mydriasis, dry mouth, urinary retention, flushed skin, and altered mental status characterize this toxidrome.
What is anticholinergic toxidrome?
Overdose of this medication hyperammonemia, liver failure, and pancreatitis, requiring aggressive supportive care and sometimes carnitine supplementation.
What is valproic acid?
This toxic alcohol is often found in windshield wiper fluid and can cause blindness or death if ingested.
What is methanol?
his plant, used to treat heart failure in the past, contains cardiac glycosides and can cause severe dysrhythmias when ingested.
What is foxglove?
What is the mechanism of action of pralidoxime?
Pralodoxime (protopam, 2pam) reactivates cholinesterase (mainly outside of the central nervous system) which has been inactivated by phosphorylation due to an organophosphate pesticide or related compound. Binds to the other half (the unblocked, anionic site) of the active site and then displaces the phosphate from the serine residue. (cleaves the phosphate - ester bond between organophosphate and acetylcholinesterase).
Known as the "garlic odor," this symptom is often associated with poisoning from this heavy metal.
What is arsenic poisoning?
Glucagon and lipid therapy are particularly useful for beta-blocker overdose, whereas IV calcium is especially beneficial in CCB overdose. Hyperglycemia in CCB overdose is a distinguishing diagnostic clue, while hypoglycemia may hint toward beta-blocker overdose. Both may require HDI and ECMO as advanced options in severe cases.
Chronic exposure to this metal, can cause neurocognitive deficits, particularly in children. What blood leve of this toxic metal requires treatment?
> 45 µg/dL