Vocabulary
Instructions for making proteins
Gene
Two bunnies born to the same parents have different fur colors. Explain why...
They inherited different gene combinations
A plant has two different versions of a gene for leaf shape. How many types of proteins will its cells make for that feature?
2 types
A dominant trait is expressed when this is present.
A dominant gene
How many copies of each gene will offspring inherit from each parent?
One gene from each parent
To receive genes from a parent(s)
Inherit
A dragonfly’s wing proteins change structure but stay in the same amount. This is likely to happen to their function.
Their function will change
If a protein changes its shape due to a mutation, this often happens to its function.
The function may change or stop working
This type of allele must be inherited from both parents to show in the offspring.
A recessive gene
The reason two puppies from the same litter can have different coat colors or patterns.
They have a unique combination of genes inherited from each parent
This is the term for when a protein's structure randomly changes
Mutation
Two bears have identical ear-shape proteins. They are likely to have this type of ears.
The same ear shape
These molecules connect together to form the structure of proteins. (Think back to metabolism unit)
Amino acids
If a flower with red petals (dominant) is crossed with one with white petals (recessive), the offspring will most likely have this color of petals.
Red
A gene is a segment of DNA that provides instructions for making this.
To make proteins
Observable trait of the gene version
Phenotype
Sarah is trying to figure out how flower color is determined. One flower is red, the copies of the gene are the same as each other. In the yellow flower, the copies of the gene are different from each other.
How does this affect how many types of proteins there are in each petal cell?
Red flower is homozygous, makes 1 type of protein
Yellow flower is heterozygous and makes 2 types of protein
What characteristic of a protein determines its function in the cell?
The shape or structure of the protein determines its function in the cell
A child can taste the bitter chemical, but both parents do not carry the gene to taste the bitter chemical. This must have happened...
A mutation in the child's genes
Name for different versions of the same gene, which can lead to different traits
Alleles
Process in which two organisms create offspring
Sexual reproduction
A person inherits one copy of a gene for curly hair and one for straight hair. Their hair type is likely to be this.
What is wavy hair
Put these in order: gene, protein, DNA, trait
DNA, gene, protein, trait
A rabbit with white fur, a recessive trait, likely has this combination of alleles.
two recessive genes
Genes are made of this molecule.
DNA