The basics
Passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
Heredity
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
25% blue eyed
Genes give the instructions for ______________ which give the instructions for _____________
Protein molecule structure
Traits
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
Genotype
The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
DNA
Different characteristics such as color and height are called ...
Traits
An organism with two DIFFERENT alleles for a trait
heterozygous
An organism's traits are controlled by the ________ it inherits from its parents.
Alleles
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
Phenotype
You have a total of _______ chromosome and _______ pairs.
46
23
The scientific study of heredity is called ...
Genetics
An organism with two of the SAME alleles for a trait
Homozygous
Allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Dominant allele
1
In a female what are the 23rd pair of chromosomes?
XX
He is considered the "Father of Genetics"
Gregor Mendel
A recessive allele is represented by a __________ letter, while dominant allele is represented by a __________ letter.
Lowercase
Uppercase
Allele whose trait is always hidden whenever the allele is present
Recessive allele
In males what are the 23rd pair of chromosomes?
XY
What is the difference between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction?
sexual reproduction require gametes (sperm and egg) from a male and female
asexual only require one organism
A tool that can help you understand how the laws of probability apply to genetics
Punnett Square
What are advantages & disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
**Hint: 3 of each
Advantages:
1. High genetic variation
2. Can adapt
3. Less bad genes are passed on
Disadvantages:
1. Requires a mate
2. more complex/ complicated
3. smaller populations produced
Brown hair (B) is dominant to blonde hair (b). How many offspring would you expect to have brown hair in a cross between 1 homozygous dominant and 1 homozygous recessive parent.
4:4 or 100%
This the three effects a mutation can have on an organism
Neutral
Beneficial
Harmful
What are the advantages & disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
** hint: 3 of each
Advantages:
1. Only need one parent
2. reproduce quicker in high numbers
3. occurs simply
Disadvantages:
1. No genetic variation
2. bad characteristics passed on
3. harder to adapt to environment