DNA v RNA
This nitrogen base is found in RNA but not DNA
Uracil
This process makes mRNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
Translation happens at this structure.
Ribosome/rRNA
A mutation where one base changes is called this.
What is a point mutation?
DNA instructions are used to finally build this type of molecule.
proteins
DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is this.
Single Stranded
Transcription happens in this part of the cell.
What is the nucleus?
This RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
A mutation where bases are added or deleted is called this.
What is a frameshift mutation?
Proteins help determine this about an organism.
traits/ physical appearance
Where is DNA found?
nucleus
This enzyme builds mRNA during transcription.
What is RNA polymerase?
A group of three bases on mRNA is called this.
What is a codon?
Which mutation usually causes more damage: point or frameshift? Why?
Frameshift because it changes multiple codons
The flow of genetic information is DNA → _____ → Protein.
RNA
Name two differences between DNA and RNA besides strand number.
What are sugar type (deoxyribose vs ribose) and base difference (T vs U)?
During transcription, DNA is used as this type of strand to build RNA.
What is the template strand?
This type of RNA makes up the ribosome.
What is rRNA?
Why do some point mutations have no effect on proteins?
What is multiple codons code for the same amino acid?
Why is it helpful that multiple codons code for the same amino acid?
What is it protects against mutations changing proteins?
Explain why DNA stays in the nucleus but RNA can leave the nucleus.
What is DNA is protected and too large to leave, while RNA carries instructions to ribosomes?
Predict what would happen if RNA polymerase stopped working in a cell.
What is no mRNA would be made, so no proteins could be built?
Predict what would happen if a codon changed from AUG to ACG.
What is translation might not start and the protein may not be made?
Predict what happens if a STOP codon appears in the middle of a gene.
What is the protein will be shorter and likely nonfunctional?
Use SNORK thinking: Explain how a mutation in DNA can change what an organism looks like.
DNA changes → RNA changes → protein changes → trait changes?