Transciption
Translation
Structure of DNA
Genetic Code
RNA
100
What is the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA?
Transcription
100
What is the molecule containing the instructions for translation?
mRNA
100
What are the three parts of DNA nucleotides?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
100
What is the start codon?
AUG (Methionine)
100
What are the three types of RNA?
rRNA (Ribosomal), tRNA (Transfer), mRNA (Messenger)
200
What are the products of transcription?
RNA
200
What is the site of translation?
In the ribosomes, which is in the cytoplasm
200
What are the four nitrogen-containing bases found in DNA nucleotides?
What is adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
200
What happens when a stop codon is reached?
A release factor binds to the mRNA and causes the polypeptide to detach
200
What are the components of a tRNA molecule?
An amino acid bound to one end and an anti codon on the other
300
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus.
300
What molecule must act as the adapter between RNA nucleotides and amino acids?
tRNA
300
What is the name of the repeating subunit that makes up DNA?
Nucleotides
300
What is complementary and pairs with a corresponding mRNA codon?
A tRNA anti-codon.
300
What is RNA polymerase?
The enzyme that carries out transcription
400
Transcribe the following DNA strand:
TAC AAA TTG GGG CGC TGT
AUG UUU AAC CCC GCG ACA
400
What happens when each mRNA codon is paired with its tRNA anticodon?
The tRNA adds an amino acid to the polypeptide chain.
400
What is the shape of a DNA molecule and what does the x-ray of a DNA molecule look like?
It is a double helix and the x-ray looks like an "x"
400
What is the name of a combination of three mRNA nucleotides?
Codon
400
List 4 differences between DNA and RNA
1. DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
2. RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine
3. RNA can leave the nucleus and DNA cannot
4. DNA is made with deoxyribose and RNA is made with ribose
500
Why is transcription necessary? Why do we need RNA at all?
DNA can never leave the nucleus, but the ribosomes (where the protein is made) is in the cytoplasm and cannot enter the nucleus. mRNA is necessary to bring the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
500
Translate the following mRNA:
AUG AAA CGA GCG UAG
Met - Lys - Arg - Ala
500
How does the structure of RNA nucleotides differ from DNA nucleotides?
The sugar molecule of every RNA is ribose not deoxyribose.
500
How many possible codons are there?
64
500
Why do we need DNA? Why can't we just use RNA instead?
RNA is unstable and tends to degrade within hours. DNA is very stable and is able to last many years without degrading