Enlightenment
Far more books became available in Europe due to what?
the invention of the Gutenberg press
Who argued that any Christian could read the Bible and understand God's message?
Martin Luther
Political revolutions were inspired by what movement?
Enlightenment
Society was divided into _____ classes in France before the French Revolution.
The English Bill of Rights established a ______ ________ between the monarch and his subjects.
social contract
What were indulgences?
What were they a sign of in relation to the church?
pardons that people could buy
corruption
John Locke referred to the "_______ ___ _______" as total freedom in the absence of government.
state of nature
Spanish control over their colonies was weakened by _________, which contributed to revolutions in Latin America.
Napoleon
The Glorious Revolution led to the monarchy's powers being limited by a ___________. The new system was called a ______________ _________.
constitution
constitutional monarchy
The relationship between people and their rulers is called what?
BONUS: Name one author who helped develop this idea.
social contract
BONUS: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What French document claimed that all men are born free and equal?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The English Bill of Rights challenged the divine right of kings by doing what?
Using the law to exclude Catholics from inheriting the throne
Humanist writers, such as Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio emphasized what?
the worth of the individual
How was John Locke's concept of the social contract different from Thomas Hobbes?
A. It must be supported by the general will of the people
B. It was conditional on the ruler protecting the people's interests
B
During the Reign of Terror, what happened to the French government?
Replaced the monarchy with a republic
Why were tensions growing in England leading up to the Glorious Revolution?
Religious differences between Catholics and Protestants
According to ______ _______, people set up governments to protect their ________ and ________.
John Locke
lives, property