characteristics of the genetic code
Define Triplet Code
A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains
Ribosome Components
2 Subs-Units
Large Sub and Small Sub
What is the function of the E binding site?
Expels tRNA strand from the Ribosome
What are the three steps of translation
initiation, elongation, termination
Define Translation
RNA to protein
Define Degenerate
Multiple codons that code for the same amino acid
True or False:
Ribosomes are necessary for translation
True
what is the function of the P binding site?
Holds the growing peptide chain
Describe Translation Initiation
mRNA, tRNA, and ribosome come together
Codons are found on what molecule?
mRNA
Define Nonoverlapping
A single nucleotide may not be included in more than one codon
Structure of an assembled ribosome small subunit
mRNA binding site
What is the function of the A binding site?
tRNA will enter and bind with complementary bases
Describe Translation Elongation
tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into the polypeptide
Why does gene expression move faster in Prokaryotes than Eukaryotes?
Due to the lack of complexity within the cell, both translation and transcription take place within the cytoplasm for prokaryotes
Define Universal
Processes that occur in all living organisms.
Ex. (The same Codon produces the same Amino Acid)
Structure of an assembled ribosome large subunit
*double jeprody if you can draw it in the correct order*
E (Exit) Site
P (Peptidyl) Site
A (Aminoacyl-tRNA binding) site
What are the ribosome subunits made out of?
Ribosomal RNA and Proteins
Describe Translation Termination
The ribosome encounters a stop codon and releases the polypeptide
Describe the location of transcription and translation in Eukaryotic Cells
Transcription takes place within the Nucleus
Translation takes place within the cytoplasm of the cell
Define codon
Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Explain what the 'S' stands for in the description of ribosomes (Ex. 70S)
Svedberg Units
Where the subunit settles out after Centrifugation
what is the function of the mRNA binding site?
recognizes the mRNA strand and binds to it
How do ribosomes find the correct starting codon?
5' sends a signal that lets the ribosome know where to match up the starting codon
List the components necessary for translation(7).
Ribosomes
tRNA
mRNA Transcript
Codons
Initiation Proteins
Elongation Proteins
Release Factor Proteins