Transcriptions +
What is transcription?
Copying DNA to mRNA
What is translation?
Translation is the process where the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to build a protein, with ribosomes and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules.
What is a codon?
A codon is a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA
eg: UCG
What is the function of DNA?
DNA's primary function is to store and transmit the genetic information necessary for an organism's development, growth, reproduction, and functioning.
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
In eukaryotic cells, transcription, the process of copying DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), occurs within the nucleus.
Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically on ribosomes located either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What is a anticodon?
An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a specific codon in messenger mRNA
What is the function of RNA?
RNA's primary function is to facilitate protein synthesis by carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are made, and also it plays roles in gene regulation and as a catalyst.
What are introns?
sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
A chromosomal mutation involving a piece of a chromosome that breaks off and reattaches in reverse orientation.
inverse mutation
What is a mutagen?
A substance that can cause a change in the DNA code of an organism
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA's structure is a double helix, resembling a twisted ladder, with two strands of nucleotides linked by hydrogen bonds between specific nitrogenous bases (A with T, and C with G).
What are exons?
expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
IF DNA Sequence: ATTGCGCCTCAG
What is the mRNA sequence
AUUGCGCCUCAG
a chromosomal mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene
deletion mutation
What is the structure of RNA?
RNA is a nucleic acid molecule, similar to DNA, but typically single-stranded and containing the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous base uracil instead of deoxyribose and thymine,.
This is a gene mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
frameshift mutations
A condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes (plants do well with this condition...animals do not)
polyploidy
A series of genes that controls the differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo
hox genes
What does mRNA do?
What does tRNA do?
What does rRNA do?
- mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
-tRNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes and recognize the appropriate codons on mRNA during translation
-rRNA forms the core of ribosomes, the cellular structures where protein synthesis takes place, and facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.