Translation
Translation comes from two Latin words: "trans" which means "across" and "latus" which means ...
"carried" or "brought"
Interpretation comes from the latin word "interpretari", which means...
"to explain"
From approximately the 5th century BCE to the 4th century CE. Translation during this time focused on fidelity to the original text and the preservation of literary style.
Classical Translation (Ancient Greek and Roman Period)
Ancient Egyptian stone slab with inscriptions in three scripts: Greek, Demotic, and hieroglyphics; by translating it, scholars were able to understand Egyptian writing (hieroglyphics)
The Rosetta Stone
With translations, people were able to trade goods with people from other parts of the world.
EXCHANGE
Type of translation that focuses on word by word translation
Literal Translation
This involves interpreters translating spoken content in real-time. The interpreter listens and speaks almost at the same time, allowing for a seamless flow of communication.
Simultaneous Interpretation
From the 5th century to the 15th century. This period was marked by a focus on translating religious and philosophical texts. The priority was understanding and disseminating religious ideas.
Medieval Translation (Middle Ages)
The Vulgate is a Latin translation of ________, it was completed by St. Jerome in the late 4th century
The Bible
Translation helped with comunication and understanding of different customs and beliefs
CULTURE
Type of translation that lets you focus on adapting to the meaning of the message, considering context and culture.
Free Translation
In this method, the speaker pauses after a few sentences, allowing the interpreter to convey the message in the target language. It often involves note-taking
Consecutive Interpretation
From the 15th century to the early 17th century. During this period, there was a renewed focus on fidelity to the original text and achieving a more exact and literal translation
Renaissance (15th and 16th Centuries)
Ancient manuscript listing kings of Sumer and their reigns. Written around 2100 BCE and discovered in Mesopotamia. The text was translated from Sumerian and it helps us understand the history and myths of ancient Mesopotamia.
The Sumerian King List
The translation of godly documents helps the wide spread of beliefs and faith.
RELIGIOUS
It demands technical accuracy of specialized terms
Technical Translation
In this method, the interpreter murmurs (says very quietly) the translation to the person needing assistance while the original speaker continues.
Whispered Interpretation (Chuchotage)
From the 18th century to the early 19th century. In this period, there was an emphasis on clarity and accessibility. Translators sought to make texts understandable to a broader audience.
Enlightenment (18th Century)
Babylonian legal text created around 1754 BCE in Babylon (modern-day Iraq), by King Hammurabi. This is one of the earliest sets of laws. The laws were carved into a large stone pillar and written in Akkadian. It was discovered in 1901 in Susa, Iran.
The Code of Hammurabi
Knowledge became easier to acquire with the translation of academic and scientific texts.
SCIENCE
The translation of “One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel García Márquez would be this type of translation
Literary Translation
This type involves interpretation in both directions, facilitating communication between two parties who speak different languages. It’s often used in negotiations or informal discussions.
Bilateral Interpretation
From the 19th century to the present day. Multiple theoretical approaches to translation have developed. Translation has been seen as a process that involves not just the transfer of words but also cultural adaptation and negotiation of meanings.
Modern and Postmodern (19th Century - 21st Century)
Signed in 1215 by King John of England, this document limited the power of the king and protected the rights of people. It was written in Latin. It influenced many laws and democratic ideas.
The Magna Carta
Easy access to various written texts, poems, novels, stories etc...
LITERATURE