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Ribosomes
Translation Initiation
Post-Translation
Gene Regulation
Lac System
100
this molecule carries the anticodon
What is tRNA
100
In bacteria this chemical group is attached to the methionine amino acid, and later removed.
What is the formyl group.
100
In this type of organism, most proteins are inactive unless modified after translation.
What is eukaryotic
100
This part of gene regulation blocks initiation or transcription.
What is a repressor.
100
This consists of the promoter, operator and genes A, Y, and Z.
What is the lac operon.
200
Together with the 40S subunit, this subunit forms the 80S eukaryotic ribosome.
What is 60S large subunit
200
In prokaryotes, this sequence helps align the initiator tRNA in the P site.
What is the Shine-Delgarno sequence
200
This class of proteins allows unfolded proteins to enter a chamber in which they become correctly folded.
What are chaperones.
200
This part of gene regulation holds the RNA polymerase to its promoter so transcription can occur.
What is an activator.
200
When the repressor binds to the operator, the lac operon is not this.
What is transcribed.
300
This site on the ribosome binds the incoming tRNA with the correct codon on the mRNA.
What is the A site.
300
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have this, which only differs by the initiation factors involved.
What is an initiation complex.
300
These enzymes attach phosphate groups to serine, threonine and tyrosine in phosphorylation.
What are kinases.
300
This site serves as a sensor to set the DNA-binding domain as functional or non-functional on the repressor or activator.
What is an allosteric site.
300
Because lactose allosterically inactivates the repressor leading to expression of the lac genes, it is termed this.
What is an inducer.
400
Release factors bring a water molecule to this center, causing the release of the completed polypeptide.
What is the peptidyltransferase center
400
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the structures are separate until just before elongation is ready to begin.
What are the large and small subunits.
400
Ubiquitination functions to specifically target short-lived proteins and these.
What are damaged proteins (also accept mutated proteins).
400
This small molecule binds to the allosteric site and changes its activity.
What is an allosteric effector.
400
This small molecule binds to the catabolite activator protein (CAP) in catabolite repression.
What is the cyclic AMP (cAMP).
500
This center ensures that only the correct tRNA matches the codon in the A site.
What is the decoding center.
500
Unlike prokaryotes, in eukaryotes the initiation complex scans the mRNA for this sequence to know where to begin translation.
What is the AUG start codon
500
These amino acid sequences are found in the interior of nucleus-bound proteins and are required for the protein transport into the nucleus.
What are nuclear location sequences (NLSs)
500
This type of regulation occurs when a repressor is prevented from binding to its target site, allowing for transcription to begin.
What is negative regulation.
500
When high cAMP levels are inhibited, this complex cannot form and no lac genes are expressed.
What is the cAMP-CAP complex.