The 5' splice site, the 3' splice site, and the branch point.
What are the consensus sequences required for splicing?
100
A mechanism used by eukaryotic cells that inhibits translation of specific mRNAs.
What is RNA interference?
100
The Svedberg units of the small and large subunits of the 80S eukaryotic ribosome.
What are the 40S and 60S subunits?
100
The site on the ribosome where the tRNA that is bound to the growing peptide chain.
What is the P site?
200
The name of the 7-methylguanine attached to the pre-mRNA by a unique 5'-5' bond.
What is the 5' cap?
200
The shape of the intron after being spliced out of the pre-mRNA and before degradation.
What is a lariat?
200
The type of small RNA that generally has imperfect base pairing to its multiple targets.
What are miRNAs?
200
The enzymes involved in attached the specific amino acid to the 3' acceptor stem of all the isoaccepting tRNAs.
What are aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?
200
The sequence on prokaryotic mRNA that is involved in the initial binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit through complementary base pairing with the rRNA.
What is the Shine-Dalgarno consensus sequence?
300
The 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of pre-mRNA.
What is the poly(A)tail?
300
The nucleotide that the 5' end of the intron binds to.
What is the adenine of the branch point?
300
The type of small RNA that can be introduced in the lab and generally has exact complementarity to its single target.
What are siRNAs?
300
The prokaryotic proteins involved in dissociating and preventing attachment of the small and large ribosomal subunits before the 30S initiation complex is formed.
What are IF-1 and IF-3?
300
Except for the initiator tRNA, the site where charged tRNAs first bind to the mRNA in the ribosome through anticodon-codon base pairing.
What is the A site?
400
The guanine that is added to the pre-mRNA, the 2' carbon and the bases of the sugars in the first two nucleotides of the pre-mRNA.
What are the sites of methylation in the 5' cap of pre-mRNA?
400
The large complex composed of 5 snRNA molecules and almost 300 proteins involved in splicing.
What is the spliceosome?
400
The enzyme that cleaves the double-stranded precursors into shorter double-stranded miRNAs and siRNAs.
What is Dicer?
400
The prokaryotic elongation factor involved in loading the appropriate charged tRNA into the A site of the ribosome.
What is EF-Tu?
400
A two-step process where aminoacyl-AMP is first made followed by switching out the AMP for the appropriate tRNA.
What is the process by which tRNA becomes charged with an amino acid?
500
The AAUAAA sequence located 11 to 30 nucleotides upstream of the cleavage site of pre-mRNA.
What is the cleavage consensus sequence (or polyadenylation consensus sequence)?
500
Introns capable of splicing themselves due to ribozyme activity and characteristic stem-loop secondary structure.
What are self-splicing introns?
500
The complex that consists of multiple proteins and the single strand of miRNA or siRNA and carries out the silencing of the target mRNAs.
What is the RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)?
500
The prokaryotic elongation factor that is involved in translocation of the ribosome along the mRNA.
What is EF-G?
500
A site on the ribosome that is composed of RNA and is involved in catalyzing peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the P site and the amino acid in the A site.