Embryology Keeps Haunting Me
This embryonic structure gives rise to the liver (hepatic diverticulum)
What is the foregut endoderm
This calcineurin inhibitor is the most commonly used immunosuppressant in liver and kidney transplant patients
What is tacrolimus?
In transplantation, what is the strongest predictor of graft outcome?
What is cold ischemia time?
The first successful kidney transplant in 1954 was performed between this type of siblings.
What are identical twins?
The MELD score is used to prioritize candidates for this organ transplant.
What is liver transplant?
The ureteric bud must interact with this structure to form the definitive kidney
What is the metanephric blastema
This is the most common dose-limiting side effect of tacrolimus
What is nephrotoxicity?
This type of machine preservation is often used for kidneys at high risk of delayed graft function.
What is hypothermic machine perfusion?
I performed the first liver transplant
Who is Thomas Starzl?
In kidney allocation, KDPI stands for this.
What is Kidney Donor Profile Index?
The liver’s dual blood supply originates from which two embryologic venous systems?
What are the vitelline and umbilical veins?
This antimetabolite blocks inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase to inhibit purine synthesis.
What is mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)
The OrganOx system preserves livers under these conditions
What is normothermic machine perfusion (NMP)?
The first pancreas transplant was performed in 1966 at this U.S. university.
What is the University of Minnesota?
This is the most common indication for simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplant.
What is type 1 diabetes with end-stage renal disease?
These embryologic vessels give rise to a replaced left hepatic artery and a replaced right hepatic artery, respectively
What are the left gastric artery (for LHA) and the superior mesenteric artery (for RHA)?
Belatacept blocks costimulation by binding to this receptor on T-cells.
What is CD80/CD86 (B7), blocking CD28 signaling?
In normothermic liver perfusion, this lab marker is most important for assessing function
What is lactate clearance?
Cyclosporine revolutionized transplantation by blocking this immune pathway.
What is calcineurin/NFAT signaling?
These three lab values make up the MELD-Na score.
What are INR, bilirubin, and creatinine (plus sodium)?
This rare anatomic variant results in the portal vein forming a preduodenal course, complicating transplant portal anastomosis
What is a preduodenal portal vein?
This drug is most strongly associated with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)
What is belatacept?
This trial demonstrated the feasibility and safety of normothermic machine perfusion for human liver transplantation
What is the PROTECT-I trial?
Thomas Starzl, the “father of transplantation,” spent most of his career at this U.S. medical center
What is the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)?
This histologic finding is most specific for antibody-mediated rejection in pancreas transplant
What is C4d-positive staining of capillaries with donor-specific antibodies?