Structure
What are the four chamber of the heart called?
left atrium & ventricle, right atrium and ventricle
Distinguish between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
oxygen, no oxygen
What is the role of the aorta?
What is the circulatory system of bony fish?
Single circulation, blood is pumped from heart directly to gills
How do we measure pulse rate?
counting heartbeats per minute, or use a device
The right side of the heart pumps what kind of blood; the left side of the heart pumps what kind of blood?
Right - oxygenated; Left - deoxygenated
Distinguish between double and single circulation
single circulation is one loop where blood passes through the heart once during each cycle, whereas double circulation has two circulations where the blood passes through the heart twice during each circuit (heart to lungs - heart to body)
What is the function of semilunar valves?
Prevents back flow of blood
Describe double circulation in mammals
double circuit, right side of heart pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs, left side pumps oxygenated blood to body
Which elements of the blood plasma cannot leak through fenestrations in capillaries?
Large proteins or cells
Which valves separate the atrium from the ventricles?
Atrioventricular valves
Distinguish between systole stage and diastole stage
Systole: heart muscles contract ; Diastole: heart muscles relax
What does the sinoatrial node (pacemaker) do?
Generates electrical impulses for the heartbeat
Describe what cardiac muscle does
What are the fluid types in the body (for transport)? Name at least two
lymph, tissue fluid, blood
Label this microscope image (artery or vein)
see image
Distinguish between the semilunar valves and the atrioventricular valves
location, back flow
What is the function of capillaries?
exchange materials between blood and cells
Describe the adaptations of ventricles for the heart's function
Contain cardiac muscles to pump blood
What kind of pressure is responsible for filtering the blood plasma?
Hydrostatic pressure
What do the purkinje fibers do?
Carry electrical impulses to ventricles so they can contract
Distinguish between capillary ends by labeling image given
see image
What are the adaptations of capillaries?
large surface area, narrow lumen, thin walls
Describe the disease atherosclerosis
It is the hardening and narrowing of arteries
Both tissue fluids and blood plasma are composed of...(give three examples)
Dissolved nutrients, amino acids and fatty acids, metabolic waste, white blood cells, dissolved oxygen