Plant Highways
This tissue transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves.
xylem
Water enters root hair cells by this process.
osmosis
The stain used to track water movement in a celery experiment.
methylene blue
The process where water vapor is lost from the leaves.
transpiration
In a root cross-section, the xylem is found in this central position.
Center
This part of the plant absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
root hair cells
Water travels from the soil to the leaf mesophyll cells in this order.
root hair → root cortex → xylem → mesophyll cells
In a leaf, the xylem is found at this position in the vascular bundle.
top
The movement of water through a plant from roots to leaves is called this.
transpiration stream
The xylem walls are strengthened with this substance.
lignin
These tubes in the phloem have perforated end walls to allow flow.
sieve tubes
Water evaporates from this layer of cells before diffusing out of the stomata.
mesophyll layer
The vascular bundles in the leaf are located in this part.
midrib and leaf veins
The direction xylem moves substances.
upward
Translocation involves the transport of these two organic molecules.
sucrose and amino acids
This plant tissue transports sucrose and amino acids.
phloem
This term describes the movement of sugars in the phloem.
translocation
In the stem, phloem is found in this position relative to xylem.
outside
In phloem, sugars move from sources to these areas.
sinks
High transpiration rate in dry air is due to this kind of concentration gradient.
steep water vapor concentration gradient
Water is pulled up the xylem due to this cohesive force between water molecules.
cohesion
A plant wilts when these cells lose turgor pressure.
mesophyll (or plant) cells
This type of plant part can act as both a source and a sink depending on the season.
tuber (or leaf)
Increasing this environmental factor increases the rate of transpiration due to more evaporation.
Temperature
In the plant root, most water moves between or within these structures rather than through vacuoles.
cell walls