B
Which of the following would MOST likely enter a cell through pinocytosis?
A. Liquid with dissolved nutrients
B. Large food particles
C. Bacteria
D. Oxygen gas
A. Liquid with dissolved nutrients
What structure carries materials during bulk transport?
A. Mitochondria
B. Vesicle
C. Ribosome
D. Nucleus
B. Vesicle
Which process is responsible for releasing neurotransmitters in synapses?
A. Pinocytosis
B. Phagocytosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Diffusion
C. Exocytosis
During exocytosis, what happens to the vesicle?
A. It shrinks and disappears
B. It moves to the nucleus
C. It breaks into smaller vesicles
D. It fuses with the cell membrane
D. It fuses with the cell membrane
Which process is mainly used by white blood cells to destroy pathogens?
A. Phagocytosis
B. Diffusion
C. Pinocytosis
D. Osmosis
A. Phagocytosis
Statement 1: Once you ingest a piece of chocolate, it undergoes phagocytosis.
Statement 2: Once you digest the piece of chocolate, it gets broken down more through pinocytosis.
A. Only statement 1 is true
B. Only statement 2 is true.
C. Both are true.
D. Both are false.
D. Both are false—food won’t undergo phagocytosis upon ingestion despite its name of “cell eating.” Digestion uses HCl / hydrochloric acid and dietary enzymes.
What specific process is undergone by animals to secrete hormones?
Exocytosis
What organelles fuse to release their contents to the outside of the cell?
Vesicles and Cell membrane
Congratulations, you get bonus points simply because you’re you!
Hooray !
What are ALL the main processes that are under bulk transport?
Endocytosis, Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis, Receptor-mediated Endocytosis, and Exocytosis
Fill in the blanks: Bulk transport is used to export ____ material in plants.
Cell wall
Name and explain its purpose.
Secretory Vesicle - function as the cell's transport and delivery system, packaging molecules like proteins, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and moving them to the cell membrane.
What organ performs pinocytosis to reabsorb proteins during filtration? How?
Kidney
A scientist removes all ATP from a living cell while keeping the cell membrane intact. Which of the discussed processes can still occur? Justify.
Trick question, none ! - You need ATP to do ALL of these.
This form of bulk transport is important to help nerve cells communicate with each other.
A drug is designed to block the formation of clathrin-coated pits. Which bulk transport process would be MOST affected?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D. Exocytosis
C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
A macrophage successfully engulfs a bacterium, but a bacterial toxin immediately destroys the surrounding vesicle before it can fuse with a lysosome. What is the most likely consequence for the cell?
The bacterium could escape into the cytoplasm and survive or even replicate because it is no longer enclosed in a phagosome. Phagocytosis begins normally, but digestion fails since lysosomal enzymes cannot reach the pathogen.
You walk to a military base where you can’t enter without going through the checkpoint. Once the guards open the gate, you have to be escorted by security. You have to wait. Your designated guard arrives, shielding you so you can get across the trench safely. Now that you wear your military uniform, you can’t get it off. A giant version of you eats you. “Thank you for the food.”
What form of bulk transport is being represented by this story? How? Cite at least 2 pieces of evidence.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Possible Evidences:
“You walk to a military base where you can’t enter without going through the checkpoint.”- Base represents the cell
“You have to be escorted by security.” -You can’t get into the cell without being bound to a receptor protein
“You have to wait. Your designated guard arrives, shielding you so you can get across the trench safely.”
“Now that you wear your military uniform, you can’t get it off.” - represents the receptor you're bound to
“A giant version of you eats you.” - Automatically endocytosis
A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents vesicles from fusing with the plasma membrane. Which bulk transport process is directly affected, and what symptom would most likely result?
Exocytosis. Cells would be unable to secrete substances such as hormones, digestive enzymes, and neurotransmitters. As a result, cell-to-cell communication and secretion of important molecules would be severely impaired.
Assuming exocytosis is completely disallowed, can neurons still communicate with each other? How?
Yes - Protein channels, electrical synapses, and directly pumping molecules through a membrane are all valid ways neurons can communicate WITHOUT exocytosis.
A factory has perfectly functioning delivery trucks filled with products. The loading dock, however, has been permanently sealed shut.
Products continue to be manufactured.
After several hours, what will happen inside the factory?
The products accumulate inside secretory vesicles because exocytosis cannot occur. Over time, vesicles build up and secretion stops despite normal production.
In menstruation, the uterine lining breaks down, and immune cells enter the uterus. This is an example of what kind of bulk transport? How?
Phagocytosis - The macrophages and neutrophils help break down the leftover uterine lining. (Other accepted answers are those related to how “breaking down” requires phagocytosis)
A package successfully enters a warehouse but can never be opened.
Which organelle most likely failed to do its job?
Lysosomes, without lysosomal enzymes, materials brought in by endocytosis cannot be digested.
You merely have the common cold, but since your white blood cell count is low, you likely won't make it. Which form of bulk transport failed due to your lack of white blood cells? How does it deal with pathogens such as bacteria and viruses (including rhinovirus)?
Phagocytosis - WBCs trap the pathogens in phagosomes, then digested by lysosomes
The SARS-CoV-2 virus hijacks the body by using its spikes to act as a receptor to trap angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme that regulates blood pressure. Once it binds to the ACE2 enzyme, the cell will think it belongs there and will then start clustering the virus in clarithrin-coated pits. This virus exploited what form of bulk transport? How?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis - The virus pretended to be an important enzyme involved in blood pressure regulation, which led the cell to let it pass. (Anything about acting or pretending to be another important cell)