Transport
Cellular Transport
The exchange of elements between intracellular and extracellular fluid.
Define Concentration Gradients
The difference in solute concentration across a given distance.
Define
Transport mechanism that uses energy to move solutes.
What are they composed of?
What is a vitamin and their categories?
An organic compound that animals cannot synthesize, but need.
They can be water or lipids soluble.
External Organ
Exchange between body and environment
Voltage Gated Ion Channels
Open and close in response to changes in voltage across a membrane
How is it electrogenic?
If it creates a charge imbalance across a membrane.
What element do all amino acids have in common?
Nitrogen
Define minerals.
Essential source of inorganic elements. This includes metals, iodine, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, and potassium.
Internal Organ
Exchange between organ tissues and organ lumen
Stretch-gated (tension-gated)
Open or close in response to stretching forces that alter the physical tension on a membrane
Osmotic Pressure
Predicts whether a solution will gain or lose water via osmosis.
Water always moves from lower to higher pressure.
What are essential amino acids?
Animo acids that animals cannot synthesize on their own, and must acquire through food.
This is not consistent within various species
Describe feeding methods
Carnivores have sharp teeth and powerful jaws.
Grazing mammals have teeth, lip, and jaw structures specialized for a certain plant.
Birds have specialized beaks for their prey.
Passive Transport
Movements of solutes WITHOUT expending energy.
Phosphorylation-gated
Open or close when channel proteins are phosphorylated (often via second messengers)
Osmosis Definition
Passive Transport of water across a membrane.
What are lipids and their categories?
Hydrocarbon molecules, usually with fatty acids as a chemical component.
Triacylglycerols (triglycerides)
Fats (solids) and oils (liquids)
Waxes
Phospholipids
Sterols
Define Photoautotroph Symbioses.
When microalgae symbionts provide nutrients to their host via photosynthesis.
What is equilibrium?
An internally stable state where further net charge is impossible with inputs or outputs.
Ligand-gated
Open when a signal binds to its receptor
Fancy Words Related to Osmosis
isosmotic – same osmotic pressure on either side of a semipermeable membrane
hyposmotic – having a lower osmotic pressure than the opposing solution
hyperosmotic – having a higher osmotic pressure than the opposing solution
What do carbohydrates do, and what are their categories?
Structural support, storage, and transport.
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides.
Define Chemoautotroph Symbioses
Bacterial symbionts provide nutrient to their host via chemosynthesis!! (Like in hydrothermal vents in the deep sea.)