Bleeding
What are the XABCs
Exsanguinate
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
What are the 3 main functions of the integumentary system?
Protection against the environment (including fluid balance)
Thermoregulation
Transmit sensory information
You're treating a patient with a strong acid burn in their left eye. How long do you flush the affected eye?
20 minutes
Name the five sections and the spinal column and how many bones per section.
Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacrum- 5
Coccyx- 4
10
List the signs of injury (DCAP-BTLS)
Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling
This classification of burn typically has skin that is moist, mottled and white to red. Blisters are present. The patient experiences intense pain.
Partial-thickness burns.
Name the three small bones in the middle ear.
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup
What are the 4 types of skull fractures?
Linear
Depressed
Basilar
Open
Name three findings that would suggest a significant MOI at a motor vehicle crash.
Death of an occupant in the vehicle
Severe deformity of vehicle or intrusion into vehicle
Severe damage from the rear
Crashes in which rotation is involved (rollover/spin)
Ejection from the vehicle
_____ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue to allow it to meet the cells' current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal.
Perfusion
A _____ occurs when a blood vessel is damaged and bleeds into the surrounding tissue. This may result from soft tissue injury, fracture or injury to a blood vessel. In severe cases may contain more than one liter of blood.
Hematoma
If the jugular vein has been punctured and you suspect air is being sucked through it to the heart, what condition are you most worried about the patient developing?
Air embolism
An epidural hematoma is usually the result of a blow to the head that produces a linear fracture of the temporal bone and damages the middle meningeal artery. Blood accumulates between the _____ _____ and the _____.
Dura matter and the skull.
_____ _____ is the energy of a moving object.
Kinetic energy
What is hematemesis
The vomiting of blood
What is an avulsion?
An open injury in which soft tissue is either torn completely loose or is hanging by a flap. De-gloving injuries are common avulsions.
A blow-out fracture
Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) your patient is beginning to exhibit signs of Cushing Triad. What are the three signs of Cushing's Triad?
Hypertension with a narrowed pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Irregular respirations such as Cheyne-Stokes respirations
A pulmonary blast victim may report these symptoms. Name 2.
Tightness/ pain in chest
Cough up blood
Tachypnea
Subcutaneous emphysema
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary edema
A patient is bleeding from the ear or nose following a head injury. You loosely cover the site with a gauze pad and notice stain shaped like a halo/target. What fluid may be present that would indicate a skull fracture.
Cerebrospinal fluid/blood will create the halo/target.
An adult patient has partial-thickness burns on his legs and genitals. Using the rule of 9's, what is the amount of surface are burned.
37% surface area burned
Leg- 18%
Leg- 18%
Genitals- 1%
Fractures of the larynx or trachea can cause air to leak from the airway into the subcutaneous tissues. The presence of air in the soft tissues produce a crackling sensation called _____ _____.
Subcutaneous emphysema
Assign the patient a GCS score using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).
Eye Opening- in response to sound
Verbal Response- inappropriate words
Motor Response- localizes to pressure
GCS- 11
Eye Opening- in response to sound- 3
Verbal Response- inappropriate words- 3
Motor Response- localizes to pressure- 5
A fall from more than _____ feet is considered significant
20